This is one of the best breakdowns on the fundamentals of LLMs I've ever read.
Anytime someone asks me for resources to climb the steep AI learning curve, I always provide the same list.
1) @3blue1brown's neural network videos
2) @karpathy's zero to hero playlist
3) @dwarkesh_sp's whiteboard explainers
Now @_raghavdixit_'s "Vectors are all you need" and future articles in the explainer series are getting added to the list.
Day 5. LLM from scratch
why do n-gram language models fail?
• curse of dimensionality: possible n-grams grow exponentially, making data sparse.
• zero-count problem: unseen n-grams get zero probability, so perplexity become infinite.
• no semantic meaning: words are treated as integer IDs, without understanding similarity or context.
Day 4. LLM from scratch
• n-grams fail on unseen word combination (probability 0 -> infinite perplexity). neural model fixes this using word embeddings, where similar words cluster tgtr.
• this generalization is a double-edge sword (hallucination, repetition, and bias)
Day 3. LLM from scratch
• intro of neural language model
• core concepts: curse of dimensionality, word embeddings, neural networks, data preparation, CPU parallelization
Day 1. LLM from scratch
• Implemented character-level N-gram models in C.
• trained 6 gram on 442k korean words vs. 30k
-> accuracy went from 45% to 94%
• empirically observed the scaling law: data volume matters more than model complexity for coverage