NII ASHOR 🩺🪴🇬🇭

an introvert, clinician, ailurophile, pescatarian, bhobu, horticulturist,artist with a camera.

[NII ASHOR 🩺🪴🇬🇭 @iamtrimz]

https://t.co/4hN1kux3YN

[MedicoNotes @MedicoNotes]

🧠 MIGRAINE: More Than Just a Headache!

Migraines affect millions worldwide and are far more than “just a bad headache.” Recognizing the symptoms and triggers can help patients seek early treatment and improve quality of life.

1️⃣ What is Migraine?
➊ A neurological disorder characterized by recurrent attacks of moderate to severe headache.
➋ Often associated with nausea, vomiting, and sensitivity to light and sound.
➌ May occur with or without aura.

2️⃣ Common Symptoms
➊ Throbbing or pulsating headache (often unilateral)
➋ Nausea and/or vomiting
➌ Photophobia (light sensitivity)
➍ Phonophobia (sound sensitivity)
➎ Visual disturbances or aura in some patients

3️⃣ Common Triggers
➊ Stress and anxiety
➋ Sleep deprivation or irregular sleep patterns
➌ Bright lights or loud noises
➍ Certain foods and caffeine changes
➎ Hormonal fluctuations and dehydration

4️⃣ Red Flag Features 🚨
Seek urgent medical attention if headache is associated with:
➊ Sudden onset “thunderclap” headache
➋ New neurological deficits or confusion
➌ Fever or meningism
➍ Head trauma
➎ Progressive worsening pattern

5️⃣ Management
➊ Avoid known triggers
➋ Maintain good hydration and regular sleep
➌ Acute treatment: NSAIDs, triptans, antiemetics
➍ Preventive therapy for frequent attacks (e.g., propranolol, topiramate, CGRP inhibitors)

💡 High-Yield Pearl:
The mnemonic POUND helps identify migraine:
Pulsatile • One-day duration (4–72 h) • Unilateral • Nausea/vomiting • Disabling intensity.

📚 Looking for concise, high-yield neurology revision notes? Visit https://t.co/2UQyCbb6in and explore our comprehensive Neurology Book designed for medical students and healthcare professionals.

🌐 https://t.co/2UQyCbb6in

#Migraine #Neurology #Headache #MedicalEducation #MedEd

[MedicoNotes @MedicoNotes]

🩺 Nephrotic Syndrome: The 4 Classic Features You Must Know!

Nephrotic syndrome is a common and high-yield nephrology topic that every medical student and healthcare professional should recognize. The diagnosis is based on four key features—remember them, and you’ll never miss the diagnosis! 🔍

Here are the 4 classic criteria of nephrotic syndrome:

1️⃣ Heavy Proteinuria
🧪 Urinary protein loss >3.5 g/day
💡 Massive protein loss is the hallmark of nephrotic syndrome.

2️⃣ Hypoalbuminaemia
🩸 Low serum albumin (<30 g/L)
💡 Loss of albumin in the urine reduces plasma oncotic pressure.

3️⃣ Hyperlipidaemia
📈 Elevated cholesterol and triglycerides
💡 The liver increases lipoprotein production in response to low albumin levels.

4️⃣ Generalised Oedema
🦵 Peripheral oedema, facial puffiness, or anasarca
💡 Reduced oncotic pressure leads to fluid accumulation in tissues.

🔎 Common causes include:
• Minimal Change Disease
• Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis (FSGS)
• Membranous Nephropathy
• Diabetic Nephropathy
• Amyloidosis
• Lupus Nephritis

💊 Management principles:
✔️ Treat the underlying cause
✔️ Salt restriction and diuretics
✔️ ACE inhibitors/ARBs to reduce proteinuria
✔️ Manage hyperlipidaemia
✔️ Monitor for complications such as thrombosis and infection

—————

📚 Visit our website to download our new nephrology book: https://t.co/2UQyCbb6in

————
#Nephrology #NephroticSyndrome #MedicalSchool #MRCP #usmle

[Rising Ballers @RisingBallers_]

The World Cup has produced so many stories so far but this one is right up there…

A few years ago, Jonas Adjetey was working as a painter and played football when he could and as a hobby in Ghana. Making it to the top was tougher than ever and something that he would dream about…

Fast forward to now, he’s representing Ghana at the World Cup and has dropped a huge performance against England helping his country keep a clean sheet. From a painter in Ghana to making his mark in the biggest stages of the game. This is what it’s all about ❤️👏

[NII ASHOR 🩺🪴🇬🇭 @iamtrimz]

@FabrizioRomano Yes bring it let’s give to Benjamin Asare

[Johnson Asiedu Nketiah @JAsieduNketiah]

My guy, Benjamin Asare.

#GhanaBlackStars #Ghana

[Bright Kankam Boadu @TheOnlyBKB]

Tell me coaches don’t have much influence on games and players…. We were organized and played with a purpose…. This coach has changed our team…. Jerome and Adjetey are fantastic so far…. Marvin and Gideon have been outstanding… Caleb and the rest; massive. The composure of Benjamin Asare was great…….. Thomas Partey?! I think this is his best performance for the Black Stars I’ve seen…… we are going to the round of 32

[MedicoNotes @MedicoNotes]

🧠 BRAINSTEM & CRANIAL NERVES MADE EASY

Mastering the brainstem is one of the fastest ways to localize neurological lesions and ace exams! Remember the simple sequence:

MIDBRAIN → PONS → MEDULLA

⸻

1️⃣ Midbrain (CN III & IV)

➊ CN III – Oculomotor
• Controls most eye movements, eyelid elevation, and pupillary constriction
• Lesion → Ptosis, dilated pupil, “down and out” eye

➋ CN IV – Trochlear
• Innervates the superior oblique muscle
• Lesion → Vertical diplopia, difficulty looking down, trouble walking downstairs

💡 Pearl: “Down and Out + Ptosis = CN III palsy”

⸻

2️⃣ Pons (CN V, VI, VII, VIII)

➊ CN V – Trigeminal
• Facial sensation (V1–V3) + muscles of mastication
• Loss → Facial numbness, weak jaw, absent corneal reflex

➋ CN VI – Abducens
• Abducts the eye (lateral rectus)
• Lesion → Failure to abduct + horizontal diplopia

➌ CN VII – Facial
• Facial expression, taste anterior 2/3 of tongue
• Lesion → Facial weakness

➍ CN VIII – Vestibulocochlear
• Hearing and balance
• Lesion → Vertigo, hearing loss, nystagmus

💡 Pearl: Diplopia worse when looking toward the affected side suggests CN VI palsy.

⸻

3️⃣ Medulla (CN IX, X, XI, XII)

➊ CN IX – Glossopharyngeal
• Sensory limb of gag reflex
• Taste posterior 1/3 of tongue

➋ CN X – Vagus
• Motor limb of gag reflex, palate elevation, phonation
• Lesion → Hoarseness, dysphagia, uvula deviates away from the lesion

➌ CN XI – Accessory
• Sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles
• Lesion → Shoulder droop and weak head rotation

➍ CN XII – Hypoglossal
• Tongue movement
• LMN lesion → Tongue deviates towards the lesion

💡 Pearl: CN IX + X + XI involvement = think jugular foramen lesion.

⸻

🚨 High-Yield Localization

🟣 Midbrain: CN III, IV
🟢 Pons: CN V, VI, VII, VIII
🔴 Medulla: CN IX, X, XI, XII

Remember:

3-4 Midbrain → 5-8 Pons → 9-12 Medulla

Save this post for quick revision before your next neurology exam! 🧠

📚 Visit our website for high-yield Neurology notes:
https://t.co/2UQyCbbE7V

#Neurology #CranialNerves #Brainstem #MedicalEducation #FOAMed

[MedicoNotes @MedicoNotes]

👁️ 7 Causes of Red Eye

A red eye is common—but not always benign. While many cases are due to simple conjunctivitis, some causes can threaten vision and require urgent ophthalmology review.

⸻

1️⃣ Conjunctivitis
➊ Most common cause of red eye
➋ Presents with redness, discharge, irritation, and tearing
➌ Usually viral, bacterial, or allergic

2️⃣ Uveitis
➊ Painful red eye with photophobia
➋ May be associated with autoimmune disease
➌ Requires urgent specialist assessment

3️⃣ Keratitis
➊ Corneal inflammation/infection
➋ Severe pain, photophobia, reduced vision
➌ Contact lens wearers are at increased risk

4️⃣ Acute Angle-Closure Glaucoma
➊ Sudden severe eye pain and headache
➋ Blurred vision, halos around lights, nausea/vomiting
➌ Ophthalmic emergency 🚨

5️⃣ Scleritis
➊ Deep, severe eye pain
➋ Often associated with systemic autoimmune disease
➌ Requires urgent treatment

6️⃣ Episcleritis
➊ Mild discomfort with sectoral redness
➋ Usually self-limiting and benign
➌ Vision is typically preserved

7️⃣ Corneal Abrasion
➊ History of trauma or foreign body
➋ Pain, tearing, and foreign body sensation
➌ Fluorescein staining confirms diagnosis

⸻

🚨 Red Flags in a Red Eye
🔴 Severe eye pain
🔴 Sudden reduction in vision
🔴 Photophobia
🔴 Halos around lights
🔴 Nausea/vomiting with eye pain
🔴 Contact lens wearer with painful red eye

💡 Clinical Pearl:
Painful red eye + reduced vision = urgent ophthalmology review until proven otherwise.

Save this post for quick revision and share it with your colleagues! 👁️

📚 Visit our website for high-yield medical notes: https://t.co/2UQyCbb6in

#Ophthalmology #RedEye #MedicalEducation #FOAMed #MedEd

[NII ASHOR 🩺🪴🇬🇭 @iamtrimz]

@drkeithsiau Wonderful

[MedicoNotes @MedicoNotes]

🚨 7 Causes of Acute Abdomen

1️⃣ Appendicitis
🔹 Periumbilical → RIF pain
🔹 Nausea, fever
💎 McBurney tenderness

2️⃣ Cholecystitis
🔹 RUQ pain
🔹 Fever, vomiting
💎 Positive Murphy sign

3️⃣ Pancreatitis
🔹 Severe epigastric pain → back
🔹 Nausea, vomiting
💎 ↑ Lipase/Amylase

4️⃣ Small Bowel Obstruction
🔹 Colicky pain
🔹 Distension, vomiting
🔹 Constipation
💎 Air-fluid levels on X-ray

5️⃣ Perforation
🔹 Sudden severe pain
🔹 Guarding, rigidity
💎 Free air under diaphragm

6️⃣ Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA)
🔹 Abdominal/back pain
🔹 Pulsatile mass
🔹 Hypotension if ruptured
💎 Think AAA in older smokers

7️⃣ Mesenteric Ischemia
🔹 Severe pain out of proportion
🔹 Nausea, vomiting
💎 AF + raised lactate

⸻

🩺 Acute Abdomen Approach

➊ History
Pain site, onset, radiation

➋ Examination
Vitals, guarding, rigidity

➌ Investigations
FBC, CRP, LFT, Lipase, Lactate
US/CT Abdomen

➍ Management
IV fluids → Analgesia → Surgical review

⸻

🚩 Red Flags

🔴 Shock/Hypotension
🔴 Guarding & Rigidity
🔴 Persistent Vomiting
🔴 Fever & Tachycardia
🔴 Abdominal Distension

⸻

🧠 Mnemonic: ACPSPAM

A – Appendicitis

C – Cholecystitis

P – Pancreatitis

S – SBO

P – Perforation

A – AAA

M – Mesenteric Ischemia

⸻

📚 Master Surgery the High-Yield Way with the MedicoNotes Surgery Book.

🌐 https://t.co/2UQyCbb6in

#Surgery #AcuteAbdomen #MRCS #USMLE #PLAB

[MedicoNotes @MedicoNotes]

🧠 7 STROKE SYNDROMES

Know the Syndrome → Find the Artery.

⸻

1️⃣ MCA Stroke

📍 Lateral hemisphere

🔹 Face & arm weakness > leg
🔹 Hemisensory loss
🔹 Homonymous hemianopia
🔹 Aphasia (dominant)
🔹 Neglect (non-dominant)

💎 Face & Arm > Leg = MCA

⸻

2️⃣ ACA Stroke

📍 Medial frontal/parietal lobe

🔹 Leg weakness > arm
🔹 Leg sensory loss
🔹 Abulia
🔹 Urinary incontinence

💎 Leg > Arm = ACA

⸻

3️⃣ PCA Stroke

📍 Occipital lobe

🔹 Homonymous hemianopia
🔹 Visual agnosia
🔹 Alexia without agraphia
🔹 Memory impairment

💎 PCA = Vision Problems

⸻

4️⃣ Lateral Medullary (Wallenberg)

📍 PICA occlusion

🔹 Vertigo & nystagmus
🔹 Dysphagia & hoarseness
🔹 Ipsilateral facial pain loss
🔹 Contralateral body pain loss
🔹 Ataxia

💎 Don’t Pick Up Candy
➡️ PICA → Dysphagia

⸻

5️⃣ Medial Medullary Syndrome

📍 Anterior spinal artery

🔹 Tongue deviates to lesion
🔹 Contralateral weakness
🔹 Loss of vibration/proprioception

💎 “12-Weak-Touch”
➡️ CN XII + Weakness + Touch loss

⸻

6️⃣ Lacunar Stroke

📍 Small penetrating arteries

🔹 Pure motor stroke
🔹 Pure sensory stroke
🔹 Ataxic hemiparesis
🔹 Dysarthria-clumsy hand

💎 No cortical signs

⸻

7️⃣ Basilar Artery Occlusion

📍 Brainstem infarction

🔹 Altered consciousness
🔹 Quadriparesis
🔹 Vertical gaze palsy
🔹 Dysarthria
🔹 Locked-in syndrome

💎 Basilar = Brainstem Emergency

⸻

📚 Master Neurology the High-Yield Way with the MedicoNotes Neurology Book.

🌐 Visit our website: https://t.co/2UQyCbb6in

[MedicoNotes @MedicoNotes]

🫀 CHEST PAIN: 7 Causes You Must Never Miss

Chest pain is one of the most common medical emergencies. The challenge is identifying life-threatening causes quickly.

❤️ 1️⃣ STEMI
• Crushing central chest pain
• Radiation to arm/jaw
• Associated sweating & nausea

🩸 2️⃣ Aortic Dissection
• Sudden “tearing” chest pain
• Radiates to the back
• BP difference between arms

🫁 3️⃣ Pulmonary Embolism
• Pleuritic chest pain
• Dyspnea & tachycardia
• Risk factors: DVT, surgery, immobility

❤️ 4️⃣ Pericarditis
• Sharp pleuritic pain
• Worse lying flat
• Better leaning forward

🫁 5️⃣ Pneumothorax
• Sudden pleuritic chest pain
• Breathlessness
• Reduced breath sounds

🔥 6️⃣ GERD
• Burning retrosternal discomfort
• Worse after meals or lying down
• Improves with antacids

🦴 7️⃣ Costochondritis
• Localized chest wall pain
• Reproducible on palpation

🚩 Red Flags
• Severe sudden pain
• Shortness of breath
• Syncope
• Hypotension
• Radiation to arm, jaw, or back

💎 Exam Pearl:
Always exclude STEMI, Aortic Dissection, PE, Pneumothorax, and Pericarditis before considering benign causes.

📚 Learn Cardiology the High-Yield Way with the MedicoNotes Cardiology Book.

🌐 Visit our website: https://t.co/2UQyCbb6in

#Cardiology #ChestPain #ECG #MRCP #MedicoNotes

[ميد | MED💉🎓 @Medical_MD1]

Quick Review

Abnormal Gait Patterns🚶🧐

.

[SportingMatrix @Sporting_Matrix]

🚨 | This guy in the stands is doing some kind of black magic.

#GHAPAN #WorldCup

[Rafael Sirera @ProfSirera]

Inflammation is not one signal.
It is a biological conversation, and each marker lets us listen to a different voice.

By the way, this infographic is the perfect companion to my previous one on CRP, ESR and procalcitonin.

[WebMD @WebMD]

Magnesium is needed to process over 300 enzymes. Having too little magnesium is associated with migraine, muscle spasms, and fibromyalgia. Spinach is an excellent source of magnesium which also contains anti-inflammatory compounds such as lutein. Your diet matters when it comes to chronic pain - certain nutrients help counter runaway inflammation, while other foods can stoke the flames. https://t.co/ebA3xjRzOL

[WebMD @WebMD]

Every 37 seconds, someone in the United States dies from heart disease. Perhaps even more shocking than that number is the fact that this disease, in most cases, is largely preventable – and the steps of prevention really aren’t very complicated.⁠
Research has shown that people at the highest risk for heart disease can lower their risk by as much as 80% by taking 7 simple preventive measures.⁠
⁠From eating well to watching your blood sugar, learn more about preventative measures that can help you avoid a heart attack from a board-certified cardiologist: https://t.co/HmQzxdemj1

[Rafael Sirera @ProfSirera]

ESR tells you that inflammation has left a slow systemic footprint.
CRP tells you that the liver is actively responding to cytokines
Procalcitonin tells you that the inflammatory programme may be bacterial or septic in nature.
They are not interchangeable clocks.
They are different biological readouts.

[NII ASHOR 🩺🪴🇬🇭 @iamtrimz]

@AnfieldEdition @MounirBoualin Coooooool