In med school, I learned that Huntington's disease was one of the most devastating inherited conditions. It caused progressive neurological decline, starting around age 30. There was no treatment. Now, Huntington's has been treated for first time.
This is why we fund science.
In 1929, a 25-year-old doctor cut into his own arm and inserted a catheter into his heart.
No permission, no supervision, just sheer defiance.
He risked death to prove a theory no one believed.
His insane gamble saved millions of lives.
Here's his story:
Teabags release billions of microplastics into our tea beverages.
A recent study found that commercially available teabags made from nylon, polypropylene, and cellulose release billions of micro- and nano-plastics into a single cup of tea.
• Polypropylene teabags released 1.20 billion particles/mL
• Cellulose teabags released ~135 million particles/mL
• Nylon teabags released 8 million particles/mL
In lab experiments, researchers exposed human intestinal cells to microplastic particles and found that different types of plastic interacted with different cell types. Polypropylene particles were absorbed by mucus-producing cells, while cellulose particles were absorbed by two types of mucus-producing cells. Nylon particles, however, were taken up by cells that help maintain the gut's protective barrier but don’t produce mucus.
These findings suggest that different types of plastics interact uniquely with gut cells, potentially affecting gut health in distinct ways. While the long-term effects of micro- and nanoplastic exposure remain unclear, it’s evident that these particles are entering our bodies through multiple sources.
You might consider switching to loose-leaf tea to reduce exposure if you're a tea drinker.
Study:
PMID: 39542373
just your quarterly reminder this is what the Epic headquarters in Wisconsin looks like
Yes, the electronic medical records software company worth dozens of billions of dollars
Drinking 3 cups of coffee or 200–300 mg of caffeine per day lowers your risk of developing diabetes, heart disease, or stroke by up to 48%!
Compared to people who don’t consume coffee or caffeine, people who are moderate consumers are less likely to have new-onset cardiometabolic disease, according to a new study. They’re also less likely to progress to multimorbidity—the presence of two or more conditions—during a follow-up period of nearly 12 years.
Although a moderate intake was associated with the lowest risk, even high intakes of coffee and caffeine were protective!
For example, consuming 4–5 cups of coffee per day was associated with a 35–40% lower disease risk compared to people who never consume coffee. For caffeine, consuming as much as 400 mg or more per day was associated with a 41% lower risk.
This might have something to do with lipoproteins—metabolites expressing HDL subclasses were positively associated with moderate coffee intake while those expressing VLDL subclasses showed a negative association.
There is also good news for tea drinkers. People consuming 3–4 or more cups of tea per day were up to 40% less likely to develop cardiometabolic disease than non-tea drinkers.
The takeaway?
I don’t think this means you should drink more coffee, caffeine, or tea in hopes of reducing your disease risk. But if you’re already drinking a moderate amount of caffeinated beverages, I think it’s safe to say that you’re not harming your health, and you might even be protecting yourself against certain diseases.
doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgae552