A hot cache key expires.
10,000 requests miss at the same moment.
All 10,000 hit the database.
That's a cache stampede.
Fix: Let one request rebuild the value while the rest wait or get the stale copy.
Two servers have clocks 50ms apart.
Event A happens first. Event B happens later, but gets an earlier timestamp because its server's clock is behind.
Sort by timestamps, and you get the wrong order.
That's why distributed systems use sequence numbers or logical clocks to track event ordering, not just wall time.