In 1938, Lloyd Gaines filed a lawsuit after being denied admission to the University of Missouri Law School in 1935 because he was black.
The Court ruled in his favor & required Missouri to admit him or set up a black law school.
He disappeared 3 months later never to be found.
—Lloyd Lionel Gaines was born to the Gaines family in northern Mississippi in 1911. One of eleven children, seven of whom survived illness and accident, he moved with his widowed mother and siblings to St. Louis after the premature death of their father. They found a better, although not easy, life for themselves in Missouri. Gaines excelled in his studies graduating as valedictorian in 1931 from Vashon High School. At Lincoln University in Jefferson City, he graduated with honors and was President of the senior class, while participating in many extra-curricular activities and working to pay for his schooling.
Despite his outstanding scholastic record, the University of Missouri School of Law denied Gaines admittance in 1936 solely on the grounds that Missouri's Constitution called for "separate education of the races." By state law, Missouri would have been required to pay for Gaines to attend the Universities in Iowa, Kansas and Nebraska, but Gaines was determined to fight for the right to attend law school in his own state university. He sought legal assistance from the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), which had been working systematically to overturn the ignominious precedent of "separate but equal" established in Plessy v. Ferguson in 1896. Together, they challenged the University of Missouri's admissions policies. In 1938, Gaines won his case before the United States Supreme Court in State of Missouri ex rel Gaines v. Canada, paving the way for a series of cases that would lead to Brown v. Board of Education's outlawing segregation in public education. In March 1939, only three months after his Supreme Court victory, Lloyd Gaines was last seen in Chicago. He disappeared at age 28 with his promise of attending law school in Missouri unfilfilled. Lloyd Gaines was never to be seen or heard from again.
On this day in 1838, Frederick Douglass escaped to freedom and found his calling as a leading voice in the abolitionist movement.
Douglass escaped slavery by boarding a train to Havre de Grace, Maryland. He was dressed in a sailor's uniform, provided to him by Anna Murray, (he married her 12 days later, she was a free black woman in Baltimore) she also gave him part of her savings to cover his travel costs, and carried identification papers which he had obtained from a free black seaman.
He crossed the Susquehanna River by ferry at Havre de Grace, then continued by train to Wilmington, Delaware. From there he went by steamboat to "Quaker City" (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania) and continued to the safe house of abolitionist David Ruggles in New York; the whole journey took less than 24 hours.
Frederick Douglass later wrote of his arrival in New York:
"I have often been asked, how I felt when first I found myself on free soil. And my readers may share the same curiosity. There is scarcely anything in my experience about which I could not give a more satisfactory answer. A new world had opened upon me. If life is more than breath, and the 'quick round of blood,' I lived more in one day than in a year of my slave life. It was a time of joyous excitement which words can but tamely describe. In a letter written to a friend soon after reaching New York, I said: 'I felt as one might feel upon escape from a den of hungry lions.' Anguish and grief, like darkness and rain, may be depicted; but gladness and joy, like the rainbow, defy the skill of pen or pencil."
Frederick Douglass first tried to escape from Freeland, who had hired him out from his owner Colonel Lloyd, but was unsuccessful. In 1836, he tried to escape from his new owner Covey, but failed again.
In 1837, Douglass met and fell in love with Anna Murray, her freedom strengthened his belief in the possibility of his own.
Once he had arrived, he sent for Murray to follow him to New York; she arrived with the necessary basics for them to set up home. They were married on September 15, 1838, by a black Presbyterian minister eleven days after his arrival in New York.
🧵The #LittleRockNine integrated Little Rock Central High School 66 years ago today. In 2023, many are hard at work to prevent children from learning that this vitriol and racism existed then and that it exists now.
@laurambarringer@kristenmcknight A teacher sister-friend gave it to our daughter years ago. It’s been such a gift for her to see herself represented in that way. Also a gift for us to see Ada’s parents’ challenges in navigating her brilliance. 😏
Jaylen Brown, who recently signed the biggest contract in NBA history, says he wants to use it to combat the “unsettling” wealth disparity in Boston
“I want to launch a project to bring Black Wall Street to Boston and help bridge the wealth gap.“
Lincoln spent the first two years of his presidency plotting to deport all Black people out of the U.S. Political support for "colonization" evaporated #OTD when the all-Black 54th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment fought the Second Battle of Fort Wagner near Charleston. A 🧵 1/
Michelle Obama at portrait unveiling: "What you are looking at today, a portrait of a biracial kid with an unusual name, and the daughter of a water pump operator and a stay-at-home mom...is a reminder that there's a place for everyone in this country." https://t.co/yijvgvO2qA
tons of people across the state and across the country have been asking how they can help with the Jackson water crisis.. #jxnwatercrisis
here’s what i’ve compiled and will add to this week: 🧵
My Goddaughter is the only black starter for Dukes volleyball team. While playing yesterday, she was called a nigger every time she served. She was threatened by a white male that told her to watch her back going to the team bus. A police officer had to be put by their bench.