Kennedy Rooney

[Dr. Nicole LePera @Theholisticpsyc]

Walking away as soon as someone does something you don’t like isn’t strength. It’s an inability to repair. And a lack of communication skills. Strength is having difficult conversations and not running because you’re afraid of being hurt.

[The Cultural Tutor @culturaltutor]

There is no single version of The Thinker by Auguste Rodin.

There are at least 28 copies of it around the world, all of them slightly different, and all "original".

How? Well, here's a brief introduction to Rodin, the man who changed art forever...

[AFRICAN & BLACK HISTORY @AfricanArchives]

Did you know Sesame Street was originally created for black and brown inner city kids?

A THREAD

[Historic Vids @historyinmemes]

Reflecting on Tom Hardy's MySpace photos from the mid-2000s, let's revisit the actor's previous 'About Me' section on the platform:

"I act for a living now adopting characters for money, it is a language I was born into. I'm Grateful, arrogant self centred, tenacious, versatile, honest, honourable, loyal, loving, gentle, consistent, reliable, focussed, prideful, passionate and nuts. I have a head like a disco ball, if I say I'Il do something, unless I absolutely can't it gets done, I never give up on humanity, I love people. I want to see communities stand up, honest and open, flexing to the fullest of their capabilities and combined usefulness. happy. I laugh at bullies. I am reactionary but I have learned to hold my tongue and my trigger finger.

[Kennedy Rooney @kennedyrooneys]

“Out of suffering have emerged the strongest souls. The most massive characters are seared with scars." —Khalil Gibran

[The Cultural Tutor @culturaltutor]

We're so used to seeing and hearing about the pyramids that it's easy to forget how strange and extraordinary they really are.

So, just to remind you:

When woolly mammoths went extinct the Pyramids of Giza were already more than 500 years old.

Cleopatra and Julius Caesar are closer in time to the present day — to the Burj Khalifa — than to the construction of the Pyramids of Giza.

Where are they and who built them?

There are three pyramids on the Giza Plateau, which is on the west bank of the River Nile, in northern Egypt. They aren't far from Memphis, which was the capital of Ancient Egypt when they were constructed.

The largest and oldest was built in less than thirty years around 2570 BC for the Pharaoh Khufu. The second was built for Khufu's son, Khafre, and is only a few metres shorter. The third and smallest was then built for Menkaure, Khafre's son. Three monumental tombs for three generations of the same family.

Nearby are many more tombs for various members of the royal court, the Sphinx, several more temples, and the remains of a sort of workers' town including houses, workshops, bakeries, kitchens, breweries, a hospital, and a necropolis.

Khufu's Pyramid, known as the Great Pyramid, was the tallest building in the world for over 3,800 years — that is, until the spire of Lincoln Cathedral in England was constructed in 1311.

And at more than 6 million tonnes it was the heaviest manmade structure ever built, and is still third behind only the Great Wall of China and the Three Gorges Dam.

The mortar used in constructing the Great Pyramid alone weighs over half a million tons, which is more than the total weight of the Burj Khalifa.

See, the Great Pyramid is almost entirely solid — there are only a few narrow shafts and three small chambers inside. It was largely built from huge blocks of local Giza limestone, although its exterior was once covered in polished white limestone transported there from nearby Tura, and its interior includes blocks of granite weighing up to 80 tonnes transported from Aswan, over 500 miles away.

The *precision* of the pyramids is also remarkable. On a technical level their masonry is astonishingly accurate, but even more amazing is that the four sides of the Great Pyramid are all almost exactly the same length — they have a variation of no more than 60 millimetres.

Not to forget that all three pyramids are aligned according to the points of the compass — within one tenth of a degree of perfect geographical accuracy.

And if these facts weren't impressive enough, the actual construction of the pyramids — the specifics of how the blocks were quarried, transported, and lifted into place — remains a marvel we have yet to fully understand.

But those are merely the facts of the Pyramids of Giza; perhaps more interesting is what they really mean.

After all, you can learn a lot about any society from its architecture. What we say about ourselves can rarely be trusted — but what we do and what we leave behind is always truthful. In other words, that which we build expresses our priorities, how our society works, and who has the most power.

Think of it this way: what are the biggest buildings in the modern world?

By volume it is factories (the Boeing Everett Factory is number one right now) and distribution centres.

By total floor space it is airports and malls.

By height it is mixed-used skyscrapers, though they are usually dominated by offices, especially relating to finance. The Pentagon was the world's largest office building until this year; it has been overtaken by the Surat Diamond Bourse in India.

By capacity? Well, there are sports stadiums, the biggest of which is the Narendra Modi Stadium in India, with an official capacity of 132,000. That being said, no single complex can hold a greater number of people than the Masjid al-Haram in Mecca, which has a capacity of 4 million.

So the largest buildings in the 21st century are almost all related to industry, finance, retail, transport, and leisure — with religious worship something of an outlier. This is a technologically advanced, industrial, highly consumerist society in which businesses hold a great deal of power, and in which the wants and demands of the public are very important.

For comparison, during the Middle Ages nothing came remotely close to cathedrals in size or complexity, though castles and fortresses were also far bigger than everything else. We can draw the basic conclusion that religion was of immense and central importance, that the church as an institution was very wealthy, and that power was actually spread out among the hereditary nobility rather than being entirely concentrated in the monarch alone, not to mention the political and spiritual power also held by the church.

So, what about the Pyramids?

The Ancient Greek historian Herodotus remarked that the Pyramids of Giza were proof of how tyrannical a ruler Khufu — or Cheops, as the Greeks called him — must have been. In his native Greece the largest buildings were temples for public worship; the Great Pyramid was a monument to but one man alone, and this shocked Herodotus.

The biggest buildings of the 21st century are all useful. They have a clear and immediate purpose, and usually one which benefits — in some sense — lots of people. A factory produces things we all use, a distribution centre organises our online shopping, an office is a place of work, and a stadium is where we go for entertainment. Our largest buildings are intimately and inseparably related to employment and consumption.

What about the Pyramids? They were tombs for the Pharaohs and they were supposed to last forever. In other words, they had no immediate use or purpose, at least for the living. They served only one person: the Pharaoh — plus his family and closest supporters, though they were buried nearby rather than inside — in his journey through the Afterlife.

So this is not the same as a large and lavish royal or presidential palace; such buildings are designed to be used as a seat of power and administration — by several succeeding generations or leaders.

Meanwhile, all the resources and labour that went into building the Pyramids, which were literally manmade mountains, were for the benefit of one Pharaoh alone, after his life had ended — and, to a lesser extent, those lucky enough to have been buried nearby at the time.

Does that mean Khufu and his descendants were tyrants? In some sense, yes. But there is evidence that those who built the Pyramids were not, as Herodotus thought, slaves, and were instead closer to conscripted workers and freely employed craftsmen who were fairly remunerated for their labour.

See, it wasn't just that Khufu held total political power; he was also the spiritual leader of his subjects, such that their work was fundamentally religious in nature — it might have even helped them achieve a better afterlife.

There was nobody who could refuse Khufu's desire to build the largest tomb in human history, because he was a divinely appointed intermediary between gods and humans; no regulation to stop him, because his will was the law; no limits to his expenditure, because he collected the taxes and owned all the land in the kingdom.

However powerful the world's richest and most influential people might now seem, none of it compares to the power wielded by Pharaohs like Khufu; a power that was political, financial, legal, military, and spiritual — absolute.

And so the Pyramids are a glimpse into a society fundamentally and almost irreconcilably different from that in which we now live, to the earliest epochs of human civilisation, long before democracy and the rule of law, when one man could rule as a god and have mountains built to serve as his personal, eternal monument on earth.

[Historic Vids @historyinmemes]

Children car seats in the 1940s

[Elon Musk @elonmusk]

Trust nothing, not even nothing

[History Defined @historydefined]

Interviews conducted with hippies in the summer of 1968 in San Francisco.

[AFRICAN & BLACK HISTORY @AfricanArchives]

On this day in 1968, Bobby Hutton, an original member of the Black Panther Party was shot dead by the Oakland police, unarmed. He was only 17 years.

THREAD!

[Historic Vids @historyinmemes]

Salar de Uyuni is the world's largest salt flat, following rain a thin layer of calm water transforms the flat into the world largest mirror 80 miles across.

[History Defined @historydefined]

Rick James and Charlie Murphy, 1981

[Kennedy Rooney @kennedyrooneys]

"Have enough courage to trust love one more time and always one more time."
- Maya Angelou

[Kennedy Rooney @kennedyrooneys]

“Before brains the universe was also free of pain and anxiety.”
- Roger Sperry

[Michael Thomas @curious_founder]

Researchers just found that gas stoves are responsible for 12.7% of childhood asthma cases.

Recently I read dozens of studies about gas stoves and indoor air quality.

I also installed monitors in our home and ran my own tests.

Here's what I learned.

[The Cultural Tutor @culturaltutor]

Why did Claude Monet paint the same water lilies in his garden more than 250 times?

Well, for Monet, they were different every time...

[The Cultural Tutor @culturaltutor]

The Renaissance changed the course of history, but how did it happen?

Well, the people who created it didn't think they were doing anything new - they wanted to emulate the past.

It's a story of how innovative ideas aren't about originality, but imitation...

[Kennedy Rooney @kennedyrooneys]

“All suffering originates from craving, from attachment, from desire.” - Edgar Allan Poe

[Kennedy Rooney @kennedyrooneys]

“Love is that condition in which the happiness of another person is essential to your own.” – Robert A. Heinlein

[History Defined @historydefined]

Staircase designed by Leonardo da Vinci, 1516