A Maratha king's court in Thanjavur kept painted records of diseased eyes, including a corneal ulcer drawn before and after treatment.
The king was Serfoji II, a Bhonsle who ruled from 1798 to 1832. He ran a hospital called Dhanvantari Mahal, where Siddha, Ayurveda and Unani medicines were made.
In March 2004, a team from Sankara Nethralaya in Chennai went through the eye records in the Sarasvati Mahal Library, Thanjavur. They reported 44 patient case sheets, 6 in Modi script and 38 in English, plus 18 drawings.
Patients were between 5 and 60 years old. The English sheets use the words of an eye clinic: lid, conjunctiva, cornea, lens, lens capsule, posterior chamber.
One entry is dated 9 September 1827. A 4 year old man had a cataract 6 months old. A needle was passed into his eye and the cloudy lens pressed down below the pupil. Part of the outer layer came loose and stayed in the pupil. The sheet notes much pain, then the treatment given, then the lens slowly absorbing and the man improving.
Diagnosis, treatment, a complication and the result are all on 1 record, and some cases have a painted picture of the eye as well. Outcomes were written as "improved" or "same", and patients were paid Rs 2 when they left.
The authors think the operation was probably couching. They also say Serfoji is "said" to have been skilled at cataract surgery, but the sheets don't show who held the needle.
Sources: J. Biswas, V. Badrinath, S.S. Badrinath, "Ophthalmic contributions of Raja Serfoji II (1798-1832)", Indian Journal of Ophthalmology 60(4):297-300, 2012.
Photo 1: A painted pair of eyes with handwritten annotations. The source identifies the condition as leucoma, a white opacity of the cornea.
Photo 2: The paper's record counts: 44 patient records, six in Modi script, 38 in English and 18 drawings. The March 2004 library visit is also highlighted.
Photo 3: Patient ages, anatomical terminology, recorded vision outcomes of "improved" or "same", and the Rs 2 inam on discharge.
Photo 4: The dated case in the post: 9 September 1827, a 45-year-old cataract patient. The highlighted passage describes the procedure and the lens fragment remaining in the pupil. The following lines record pain, treatment and improvement.
Image Source: Biswas, Badrinath & Badrinath, Indian Journal of Ophthalmology 60:297-300 (2012), Sarasvati Mahal Library collection. CC BY-NC-SA 3.0.
It's not a coincidence, Namit Malhotra deliberatly cast every single anti-hindu in his movie just to humiliate hindus.
I'm not gonna watch this movie even for free.
Ratna Pathak Shah was bashing Karwa Chauth.
You might think she is the perfect liberal atheist and feminist until you remember who her husband is.
She is married to Naseeruddin Shah, who offers namaz and observes Ramzan fasts.
Yet, she finds fault only with Hindu rituals.
Ayodhya: A Hindu temple was demolished, and idols of Hindu deities went missing. Its priest was also assaulted and evicted from the premises in an attempt to seize the temple land.
Do such attacks on Hindu places of worship not demonstrate anti-Hindu hostility? https://t.co/yCcm9X4yMq
๐จ ๐ง๐๐ ๐ญ๐ญ-๐๐๐ฌ ๐ก๐๐๐๐ง๐ ๐๐ฅ๐: ๐ ๐๐๐ ๐๐๐ฌโ๐ฆ ๐๐ฅ๐ฌ ๐๐ข๐ฅ ๐๐จ๐ฆ๐ง๐๐๐, ๐๐๐๐ข๐จ๐ก๐ง๐๐๐๐๐๐ง๐ฌ & ๐๐๐๐ก๐๐ง๐ฌ ๐จ
Every citizen deserves dignity in life, and respect in death. But for an ordinary family with no "VIP connections," getting a loved one back home turned into an 11-day bureaucratic nightmare.
Here is the heartbreaking timeline and unanswered questions of Anjana Bhowmickโs tragic ordeal:
๐ ๐ฆ๐ฒ๐ฝ๐๐ฒ๐บ๐ฏ๐ฒ๐ฟ ๐ฎ๐ฎ, ๐ฎ๐ฌ๐ฎ๐ฒ - ๐ง๐ต๐ฒ ๐ฆ๐๐ฑ๐ฑ๐ฒ๐ป ๐๐ผ๐น๐น๐ฎ๐ฝ๐๐ฒ Anjana Bhowmick (56, HR Manager at AAI, Agartala Airport, resident of Guwahati) was found fainted in her residential quarter by her maid. Rushed to ILS Hospital, Agartala, she was shifted to the ICU battling diabetes, nerve issues, and later severe complications including heart issues, pneumonia, and kidney failure.
๐ ๐ข๐ฐ๐๐ผ๐ฏ๐ฒ๐ฟ ๐ญ๐ด, ๐ฎ๐ฌ๐ฎ๐ฒ - ๐ง๐ต๐ฒ ๐๐ฎ๐๐ฒ๐ณ๐๐น ๐๐น๐ถ๐ด๐ต๐ & ๐๐๐ถ๐ฎ๐๐ถ๐ผ๐ป ๐๐ฎ๐ฝ๐๐ฒ Arranged to be shifted to Apollo Multispecialty Hospital, Kolkata, an air ambulance took off from Agartala in the afternoon.
๐จ How come an aircraft's door gets unlocked mid-air? How does the operating agency manage to get a "fit to fly" certificate from the DGCA?
These criminal safety lapses put a critical patient's life on the line and forced a terrifying emergency landing in Dhaka.
๐ ๐ข๐ฐ๐๐ผ๐ฏ๐ฒ๐ฟ ๐ญ๐ด, ๐ฎ๐ฌ๐ฎ๐ฒ โ ๐ง๐ต๐ฒ ๐๐ถ๐ป๐ฎ๐น ๐๐ฟ๐ฒ๐ฎ๐๐ต ๐๐๐ฎ๐ ๐ณ๐ฟ๐ผ๐บ ๐๐ผ๐บ๐ฒ With her health hanging by a thread, Anjana expired at Dhaka Airport on the same dayโtrapped across the border while trying to reach help.
๐ ๐ข๐ฐ๐๐ผ๐ฏ๐ฒ๐ฟ ๐ญ๐ดโ๐ฎ๐ด, ๐ฎ๐ฌ๐ฎ๐ฒ โ ๐ ๐๐โ๐ ๐๐ฎ๐ฐ๐ธ๐ฎ๐ฑ๐ฎ๐ถ๐๐ถ๐ฐ๐ฎ๐น ๐๐๐๐ถ๐๐๐ฑ๐ฒ While a grieving family scrambled in helplessness, the Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) @MEAIndia displayed a callous, lackadaisical attitude, dragging its feet on diplomatic clearances for an ordinary family.
๐ ๐ข๐ฐ๐๐ผ๐ฏ๐ฒ๐ฟ ๐ฎ๐ด, ๐ฎ๐ฌ๐ฎ๐ฒ (๐๐ฎ๐๐ฒ ๐๐๐ฒ๐ป๐ถ๐ป๐ด) - ๐ง๐ต๐ฒ ๐๐ผ๐ป๐ด-๐๐๐ฎ๐ถ๐๐ฒ๐ฑ ๐ฅ๐ฒ๐๐๐ฟ๐ป After 11 days of unbearable mental agony, diplomatic red tape, and absolute indifference from authorities, her mortal remains finally crossed back into India.
๐ ๐ข๐ฐ๐๐ผ๐ฏ๐ฒ๐ฟ ๐ฎ๐ด, ๐ฎ๐ฌ๐ฎ๐ฒ (๐ก๐ถ๐ด๐ต๐) - ๐๐ถ๐ป๐ฎ๐น ๐ฅ๐ถ๐๐ฒ๐ Cremated at Bhootnath, Guwahati, ending a harrowing journey that should never have taken this long.
โ ๏ธ ๐ช๐๐๐ฅ๐ ๐๐ฆ ๐ง๐๐ ๐๐๐๐ข๐จ๐ก๐ง๐๐๐๐๐๐ง๐ฌ?
If illegal Bangladeshi infiltrators can cross borders seamlessly every single day, why is it so agonizingly difficult for the Government of India and the MEA to bring back the body of an honest citizen who served the nation at AAI?
How did a compromised air ambulance get a DGCA clearance?
Why did the MEA treat an Indian citizen's repatriation with such shameful apathy?
Do ordinary families have to beg, plead, and wait for 11 days just because they don't have VIP passes?
We demand strict action against the air ambulance operator, accountability from the DGCA, and answers from the MEA. A nation that cannot secure safe passage for its citizens or dignity in repatriating its dead has failed its own people.
cc @PMOIndia@DrSJaishankar@PmargheritaBJP@DGCAIndia@AAI_Official
A bunch of #BrownSkinned#Non_Arabs, in #Bharat, foolishly quarreling with each other, over events that occurred 1400 years ago, in distant #Arabia !
๐ณ๐โน๏ธ๐คทโโ๏ธ
"You have come here to radicalize the youth."
Bharuch, Gujarat: Muslims in Navaitha village confronted Tablighi Jamaat members who came for an ijtema drive.
They accused them of radicalizing the youth and making terrorists.
The row escalated and police had to be called.
JINJIRA, 2 APRIL 1971: THE MASSACRE OF CIVILIANS WHO FLED DHAKA
On 2 April 1971, Pakistani Army troops crossed the Buriganga River and launched a military assault on Jinjira, Kalindi and Shubhadda in Keraniganj, opposite Dhaka.
Thousands of Bengali civilians had taken refuge there after escaping Operation Searchlight, the military crackdown launched on the night of 25 March.
Many believed that crossing the river would save their lives.
SEVEN DAYS AFTER OPERATION SEARCHLIGHT, THE PAKISTAN ARMY CAME AFTER THEM.
THE REFUGEES
Following the killings at Dhaka University, Rajarbagh Police Lines and residential neighbourhoods of Dhaka, thousands fled across the Buriganga.
Jinjira and neighbouring villages became temporary shelters for displaced families.
These areas had substantial Hindu populations and were also associated with Awami League supporters.
Political leaders and student activists, including Tajuddin Ahmad and Mostofa Mohsin Montu, had passed through or taken shelter in Keraniganj.
The Pakistan Army subsequently prepared an operation against the area.
THE ATTACK - 2 APRIL 1971
According to survivor testimony, Pakistani soldiers began positioning themselves along the river and canals during the night.
Gunboats transported troops across the Buriganga. Before dawn, soldiers surrounded villages, blocking escape routes.
Around 5 am, gunfire and explosions announced the assault.
Pakistani troops entered Jinjira, Kalindi and Shubhadda, firing on civilians and searching houses. People fled through paddy fields, canals and narrow village roads. Many were shot while attempting to escape. Homes, shops and bazaars were burned. The operation continued for hours.
THE SARDER FAMILY
Ershad Sarder, a survivor, later recalled Pakistani soldiers entering his family home and opening fire.
Three of his nephews were killed in one room. Ershad hid beneath a bed, concealed by household utensils. While he remained hidden, soldiers shot another nephew. He survived and later helped bury at least 20 bodies.
THE DESTRUCTION OF A HINDU NEIGHBOURHOOD
Saiful Islam, an eyewitness from East Mandail, described the destruction of the Hindu residential area near his home.
He recalled that Pakistani soldiers burned the entire Hindu neighbourhood. Some residents had hidden in nearby vegetation. When neighbours called for them after the soldiers departed, nobody answered.
Their bodies were subsequently discovered.
THE TESTIMONY OF SAHADEB CHANDRA MONDOL
Sahadeb Chandra Mondol, a resident of Madhya Shubhadda, witnessed soldiers entering the village through a canal.
He recalled that troops began firing indiscriminately, forcing residents to flee. When survivors returned several days later, they found bodies scattered around the village.
Some had been buried by neighbours. Others had been carried away through the canal.
THE KILLINGS AT MONU MIAR DHAL
One of the largest reported killing sites was Monu Miar Dhal.
According to local accounts, more than 400 civilians were assembled and shot there. Another approximately 60 people were reportedly killed beside a pond near the Mandail main road. In Kalindi, accounts describe the killing of 11 women inside a single house.
HOW MANY WERE KILLED?
The exact number remains unknown.
A historical account published by The Daily Star in 2021 estimated approximately 1,000 deaths.
Other investigations and survivor testimonies cite 2,500 to 5,000 victims.
The figures are not a verified census of the dead.
What is established is that Pakistani troops carried out extensive killings of civilians across several Keraniganj villages on 2 April 1971.
THE PAKISTANI MILITARY'S VERSION
On the night of 2 April, Pakistan Television announced that the military had acted against alleged separatists.
On 3 April, the pro military newspaper Morning News carried the headline:
โAction against miscreants at Jinjira.โ
But eyewitness testimony documented the killing of unarmed villagers, refugees, women and children.
When the Naxalite unrest shut down his classrooms in 1970, he studied on his own for the board exams. He wrote the exam in Bengali
When he entered Presidency College for his BSc, he had to manually translate scientific terms from Bengali to English during exams.
His name is Ashoke Sen.
One of the greatest Indian physicists alive says he spends 90% of his time stuck with no progress. Not as a young researcher. Even Now. After receiving the Breakthrough Prize in Fundamental Physics carrying a $3 million cash reward, three times the amount of a Nobel Prize.
He grew up in Kolkata, the son of a college physics teacher.
Political unrest delayed Calcutta University exams, causing students to lose a full academic year. To avoid losing two more years during his MSc, Sen left Kolkata for @IITKanpur
When it came time to apply abroad for a PhD, he applied to exactly two universities. Not out of strategy. They were the only two he could afford, the ones that didnโt demand an application fee up front.
One was Stony Brook University. He got in.
After research stints at Fermilab and Stanford, he turned down permanent US offers and returned to India in 1988. He chose to work out of a quiet research institute in Prayagraj rather than a flashy global university hub.
In 1994, he proposed a duality in string theory that helped set off a revolution in the field, work that reshaped how physicists understood their own subject.
In 2012, he won the Breakthrough Prize in Fundamental Physics.
The next morning, he donated a substantial part of the $3 million prize money, hopped on his bicycle, and rode to his humble office in Prayagraj to resume solving equations.
It amazes me how every great physicist has one thing in common - Simplicity
Tanisha Sharma booked a ride in a car from Delhi Airport to Gurugram.
The fare shown was Rs 625/-.
She alleged the driver Jamil Jahid Khan demanded โน1,479 (citing a Rapido screenshot) instead of the ~โน625 app fare
They had an argument over it. The driver then locked the car, held her arm while blocking her luggage, followed her home, forced the gate, abused her, and threatened her life. Uber later barred Jamil Jahid Khan from the platform.
The driverโs behaviour was so pissful.
She filed an FIR.
I am highlighting this incident because of the sense of entitlement in one community and the feeling that they will get away with all kinds of misdeeds.
Source- @CNNnews18
Short Story..
Once upon a time, there was a ruler called, @MamataOfficial who threw common people into jail by denying them free speech guranteed under article 19.
In one instance, she even sent her police force across 5 States to capture a student.
After she lost power, she started supporting free speech for Vadras and Gandhis under same article 19.
And she kept blaming SIR, Vote Chori, Blah, blah for losing power..!
End for her...
Sorry End of story..!
The Joke is on us !
And, it is no longer funny, at all !
The #Mainos have successfully managed to evade any and all prosecution, in the #NationalHeraldScamCase, for fully 12.6 years, already !
๐ณ๐โน๏ธ๐คทโโ๏ธ
When comes to mocking and disrespecting Hindus and Hindu Traditions, even the Sansad Bhavan doesn't matter to Congress..!!
But, have you ever seen them mocking any other religion..??
Here, Priyanka Pinky Ghandy Vadra is openly disrespecting and mocking Hindus in the Parliament but the Chad reply of Sudhanshu Trivedi ji silences her for good..!!
The Joke is on us !
And, it is no longer funny, at all !
The #Mainos have successfully managed to evade any and all prosecution, in the #NationalHeraldScamCase, for fully 12.6 years, already !
๐ณ๐โน๏ธ๐คทโโ๏ธ
The Joke is on us !
And, it is no longer funny, at all !
The #Mainos have successfully managed to evade any and all prosecution, in the #NationalHeraldScamCase, for fully 12.6 years, already !
๐ณ๐โน๏ธ๐คทโโ๏ธ
Look at this Rahu Gandhโoh sorry, Rahul Gandhi!
Your own Karnataka minister Satish Jarkiholi admits SIR exposed bogus voters on the rolls for 50 years. He said itโs good that Form 6 is available.
While you scream โvote choriโ and try to stop the clean-up by spreading anarchy and destroying the livelihood of small traders for your tamasha, your own party minister confirms decades of fake voters.
Panic, not principle.