Researchers have discovered 5.6 million ground-nesting native bees living under a single 1.5-acre cemetery.
Rachel Fordyce was parking at a plaza near East Lawn Cemetery in Ithaca to save on parking fees, walking through the cemetery on her way to a Cornell entomology lab. In spring 2022, she noticed bees nesting in the ground.
The bees turned out to be Andrena regularis, a native solitary species called the "regular mining bee."
The team estimated 853 mining bees nesting per square meter at the site, scaling to roughly 5.6 million bees in the 1.5-acre cemetery. That's more than 200 honeybee hives worth of bees, in a plot smaller than a strip mall parking lot.
Older cemeteries are accidentally some of the best-preserved native pollinator habitat in eastern North America. The same conditions chosen for grave digging (sandy, well-drained soil) are exactly what ground-nesting bees need. No tilling. No pesticides. No development.
East Lawn Cemetery, founded in 1878, has hosted these bees since at least 1935.
About 70% of native bee species in the US nest in the ground. They're the actual pollinators of New York's apple crop. The 5.6 million bees Rachel found walking to work are some of the most important agricultural laborers in the state, and no one knew they were there.
The next time you walk past an old cemetery, consider what else might be under the ground.
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