Today, a16z is announcing the Machine Age Fund, a new $1.1 billion fund for founders rebuilding what intelligence runs on: chips, memory, networking, systems software, power, and the machines that bring AI into the physical world.
Ben Horowitz, Martin Casado, and Raghu Raghuram see a new economic law. A thousand engineers cannot erase a two-year software lead, but a massive GPU cluster can turn capital directly into capability. Models are improving faster than the memory, interconnect, power, and cooling beneath them.
The founder map is changing with it. Some of the strongest teams are moving from pure software into complex hardware because every constraint in the stack is now a company-building opportunity.
In this conversation with Erik Torenberg, they explain what founders can build, why the opportunity reaches all the way down to the physical stack, and why a16z created a fund for it.
00:00 Intro
01:08 Why AI needs an entirely new infrastructure
02:02 The bottleneck is no longer the model
02:40 Founders saw it before investors did
06:07 Sold out through 2028
07:14 Why this time is different from 1999
08:57 The company whose idle hardware gained value
10:51 "Why didn't this fund exist five years ago?"
13:51 "Nobody likes to use AI more than AI"
17:06 The startup law that capital just broke
21:05 What Grok Bot got right
26:43 The case for a custom chip per model
28:23 Why AC power isn't good enough
32:07 Lots of new electricians
34:14 What one gigawatt can power
35:03 Why utilities can't just build faster
37:22 The data centers that give power back
38:01 Why we should never have called it AI
39:43 Why Nvidia will willingly leave money on the table
48:08 Hardware founders are older
52:36 Why America has to lead
YouTube: https://t.co/5QdtZyFJ9T
@bhorowitz@RaghuRaghuram@martin_casado@eriktorenberg
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