रविसेन मुंडा

कानून स्नातक | | Perpetual Pretender | Dispense ज्ञान for free. RT's ≠ endorsements. Opinions are my own

[रविसेन मुंडा @rawisen]

If the misery of our poor be caused not by the laws of nature but by our institutions great is our sin #CharlesDarwin [Voyage of the Beagle]

[Bleed_Blue @Bleed____Blue]

Beyond the Numbers: Why Pre-Colonial School Surveys Don’t Prove Caste Equality

​A popular argument on social media cites 19th-century British surveys (by Thomas Munro, William Adam, and Mountstuart Elphinstone) to claim that pre-colonial India was free from caste discrimination because many "Shudras" were found in village schools.

​This claim sounds convincing on the surface, but looking directly at the historical data reveals clear evidence of rigid caste discrimination.

​1. The Surveys Themselves Documented Exclusion
The argument that these surveys disprove casteism ignores what the reports actually found:

-​ The Sanskrit Monopoly: William Adam’s 1830s survey in Bengal and Bihar noted that while village pathshalas had diverse students, higher education institutions (tols and chatushpathis) were almost 100% upper-caste. They taught philosophy, law, and Sanskrit, and lower castes were barred from them.

- ​The Complete Absence of Dalits: In Thomas Munro’s 1826 Madras report, the total number of "Panchamas" (untouchable/Dalit castes) enrolled across hundreds of schools was close to zero. The "60–70% non-Brahmin" statistic largely represented intermediate farming and merchant castes, not untouchable communities.

​2. The Veranda Practice: Segregation Inside the Classroom

Even in the rare cases where Dalit or lower-caste children accessed a school, they were subjected to strict spatial untouchability:

- ​Dalit children were not allowed to sit on mats inside the classroom with upper-caste students.

- ​They were forced to sit outside in the veranda or courtyard, listening to the teacher from a distance so their physical presence or shadow would not "pollute" others.

- ​Teachers would avoid touching their slate or books, tossing educational materials onto the ground instead of handing them over.

​3. Jyotirao Phule’s Testimony to the Hunter Commission (1882)
If pre-colonial or 19th-century education had truly been egalitarian, there would have been no need for social reformers to fight for basic schooling access:

- ​In 1848, Mahatma Jyotirao Phule and Savitribai Phule had to open their own independent schools in Pune specifically because Dalits and lower-caste girls were banned from standard schooling.

- ​In 1882, Phule submitted official testimony to the British Hunter Commission, stating that government-funded schools were dominated by orthodox teachers who actively drove away lower-caste children or refused to teach them alongside upper-caste students.

​4. Occupational Literacy vs. Emancipatory Education
A village pathshala in 1820 was not an instrument for social equality:

- ​Caste-Bound Curriculum: A merchant’s son learned commercial accounting, an artisan’s son learned trade measurements, and a landlord’s son learned revenue records.

- ​No Upward Mobility: This system trained individuals to remain within their hereditary, caste-defined occupations rather than challenge the social hierarchy.

​Finding out that basic literacy existed among intermediate agricultural castes in the 1820s is an interesting historical detail. However, conflating basic trade arithmetic with genuine social equality ignores clear historical documentation of exclusion, spatial segregation, and the systematic denial of higher learning to oppressed castes.

#sctst #manusmriti #dalit #ambedkar #incindia #iyc

[रविसेन मुंडा @rawisen]

@Rehna_AntiCaste Atleast all State Judiciary upto Magistrate Court & Session Court should have reservations. Few like Jharkhand do not have reservations at entry level post via direct recruitment at Session Court level for Additional District Judges.

[Nethrapal @nethrapal]

I heard the entire 5 point agenda to reform Reservation

(1) Firstly, he argues that the Merit seats should be fixed and reserved seats should be only through capacity addition. For example, if there was 100 seats, than if 50% reserved seats needs to be introduced, than 50 would be through additional seats. That is 150 seats.

I think Anandji should read how OBC reservation was implemented in India.

There was a period given for educational institutions to expand the OBC seats and there was no reduction in General category seats.

General category seats remained constant and actually increased.

(2) Secondly, Creamy layer targetting SC-ST IAS IPS officers has already been dealt in Indra Sawney cases. This finds further mention in the recent Rohit Nathan Judgement.
Both mention that OBC creamy layer is a measure of social status and not economic status.
The courts have held that even with a position of IAS/IPS, the social status of SC/ST officers does not increase.
When the courts are already in favor and the cabinet has already given an opinion on this.
Creamy layer among SC/ST is an absolute impossibility.
The stats from Bihar caste census shows that creamy layer itself is a myth among SC/ST. Just 0.5% of the population of SC/ST earn more than Rs 66000/- per month.
Creamy layer is not an economic criteria. It is status based criteria.

(3) Thirdly, Removing creamy layer or not, the reservation will remain 50-50%. There is no benefit for General Merit. Incidentally if we deep dive into EWS also we can see only one caste capturing all the seats. Should not be there subcategorisation in EWS.

Let us also take General Category. If we take Brahmins, Kayasthas, Rajputs, Muslims. Do you think all capture fairly. Not at all, elite capture is seen everywhere, it is not just restricted to reserved category.

Where is the data to show that only IAS/IPS officers kids are capturing reservations?
Incidentally most of the civil servants kids are studying abroad without even aspiring for government jobs. Please conduct an internal survey within the government and find out.
The elite among the SC/ST again study in Harvard and Stanford.
Creating a narrative is easy, proving something is far more difficult.

(4) Fourthly, he mentions that only a certain section of SC,ST,OBCs are taking all the benefits.
Now again we looked at the representation of Yadavs in Bihar. Now when we see the total employment, they may appear to be adequately represented.
But recent judgement by CJI Chandrachud asks governments to measure real effective representation. That is whether they have effective voice in administration.
Representation of Yadavs in Group A, IAS,IPS is very dismal and when compared to population it is very less.
Both Chamars and Yadavs have good representation in Group C and D, but not Group A and B.
So, publish real effective representation of all the OBCs and then conduct Rohini commission.
Publish how many Yadavs are in Group A,IAS,IPS etc. You will realize the reality is harsh. They are as backward as the rest.
Now Parliament under Article 341/342 can not only add SC/ST, but can also delete SC/ST. That can be done only with the approval of National Commissions. Now when no community is proposed for deletions, it is not political, but rather all statistics shows that there representation in decision making jobs is miserable even today.

(5) Fifthly, Dr Ambedkar inserted the 10 year clause only for political reservations. While Education and Public jobs operate under different sections and they are permanent feature in the constitution. So to mix all the three is completely wrong. Now again the OBCs are not given reservations in parliament. This is because in case that happens than SC+ST+OBCs will get 50% majority and no bill will be passed which can win 2/3rd majority votes in parliament.

Now even if you consider SC+ST+OBC+Minorities MPs across party lines, you will realize that removing reservation by getting 2/3rd majority is an absolute impossibility. General category/Upper caste does not have the numbers to remove reservations.

Why attempt an impossibility when nothing will come out?

(6) Sixthly, Attacking OBC, SC, ST reservations that privileged are occupying may appear fancy. But what about EWS reservation and PWD reservation. The maximum fraud reports are in these type of reservations. In Medical today, so many EWS candidates are paying crores and still report themselves as EWS. Again if we go deeper, many upper castes have started taking fake OBC,SC,ST certificates and taking away the pie of the OBC,SC,ST.

(7) Seventhly, what is this one time reservation, one family reservation, one generation reservation. This thinking is coming from the US universities. In the US univerisities there is a boost given if the parents first generation do not have a degree. But this is done uniformly for all, whether blacks or whites. It is not only for SC,ST,OBCs, but also for upper castes. Now if one judge has occupied High court position, then his son or daughter should not occupy. If one becomes MLA, his son or daughter should not become. This generation test is a equality test and is not applicable for reservation or affirmative condition. It should be applied across all castes. I seriously feel especially in Judiciary and Politics, the limitation of one generation should be strictly implemented across all castes. Why only target poor SC,ST,OBCs. There is much higher generational inequality among Upper castes. For example compare North Indian Brahmins with Tamil Brahmins. North Indian Brahmins are way poorer than Tamil Brahmins. So generational inequality is something that needs to be addressed across all levels.

(8)Eighthly, It is very fancy for many to talk about one time reservation. Now many even talk about one time inherited wealth. Now if your father earns money, should you enjoy it. Dont you think it is right that the a portion of this inherited wealth should go to charity and then work hard earn back. Dont you think there should be one time inherited wealth.
Now the entire objective of providing reservations is to make them occupy decision making positions. Now the graduate pool is created by reservations for SC,ST,OBCs. Now it is this graduate pool who compete. Today in many exams, EWS cutoff is way lesser than OBC cutoff. It is because there is absolute no one in EWS to claim the reservation and the cutoff is extended to fill the last seat in EWS. So, reservations are not only necessary in Higher Education, it should be surely be given to SC,ST,OBCs in all top private elite schools. Look at the number of SC,ST,OBCs in top elites schools like Sanskriti, DPS...It is in single digit.

The ultimate aim of all the intermediary steps is to occupy key strategic positions by SC,ST,OBCs.

Now this has still not happened. Most of them have reached the position of cracking IAS,IPS and again if we see the JS, Additional secretary, secretary representation for SC,ST,OBCs it is dismal.

One time reservation can be implemented when 50% reservation for SC,ST,OBCs is acheived at each level within the government from secretary to Group D. When the representation suffers, one time reservation only reduces the pool and hence makes the reservation seats not being filled.

(9) Ninthly, It is very easy to state that Merit should be implemented. But is not there no Merit among SC,ST,OBCs. Absolutely now invariably various works shows that there is just a few marks difference in their scores. If you compare the MD marks of Orthopadeics, the marks of SC,ST,OBCs would be the marginally lesser than the General category. The negative marks was for non clinical courses where there were no takers. So whoever came was given the seat.
Now if we take top 100 medical marks, there are so many toppers from SC,ST,OBCs. If we take the written marks in UPSC,there are so many toppers from SC,ST,OBCs.

Merit exists even among SC,ST,OBCs.

(10) Tenthly, about OBCs, creamy layer has reduced the representation of OBCs in Group A as per a 2015 report of NCBC. There representation is just 12% against 27%. Now in most of the government jobs, the full percentage itself is not filled. Then how can we say that the privileged is eating up the seats of the poor. Give the unfiled seats to the poor among SC,ST,OBCs. Why was this not implemented?

(11) Lastly, on private sector, we need to look at parliamentary committee report on SC,ST,OBC representation in private universities. It is dismal at single digit, not even double digit. Now when RTE also gave 25% reservation in all private schools, is it being implemented.
Private univerisites make sure that SC,ST,OBCs are not recruited. When it comes to jobs, the US model of Diversity, Equity, Inclusion should be adapted. Now let us Indian corporates, just to maintain diversity, they recruit women. Is there efficiency affected. Not at all...Many cater to different social groups. So by diversifying their intake they are also increasing their business opportunities.
@The_Mooknayak

[Dr Gaurav Garg @DrGauravGarg4]

In 2012, at the Medical College of Safdarjung Hospital in Delhi, SC-ST MBBS students were deliberately and repeatedly failed in Physiology, even though they had passed in Anatomy and Biochemistry.

When a re-exam was conducted under the supervision of the High Court, all the students passed. The Mungekar Committee confirmed caste-based discrimination.

If casteism exists, then #reservation exists.

[Rehna Raveendran @Rehna_AntiCaste]

Supriya Sule is anti-Dalit and anti-reservation. She passed comments against constitutional provisions. But still CJP leader Abhijeet Dipke has no disappointment with her. Those who are seen with CJP never came in support of UGC equity guidelines. Whose interests does CJP really protect?

[Mukesh Kumar Verma @mukeshdeshka]

प्रिय @yadavakhilesh जी🙏

ये खत आपको तब लिख रहा हूं जब हमारी सारी उम्मीदें खत्म हो चुकी हैं। मैं यूपी लोक सेवा आयोग की परीक्षाओं की तैयारी करता हूं विशेषतौर पर UPPCS और RO/ARO की।

उत्तर प्रदेश लोक सेवा आयोग 2019 से माइग्रेशन यानी ओवरलैपिंग नियम का पालन नहीं कर रहा है जिसका सीधा सा मतलब ये है कि अगर आरक्षित वर्ग यानि OBC/SC/ST/EWS/PH/WOMEN वर्ग का कोई प्रतियोगी छात्र यदि UR कैटेगरी से ज्यादा नंबर प्राप्त करता है तो भी उसे UR कैटेगरी में पास नहीं किया जाएगा जो सीधे सीधे आरक्षण के संवैधानिक नियमों का उल्लंघन है।

हाल ही में सुप्रीम कोर्ट ने भी राजस्थान के एक मामले में स्पष्ट किया कि यदि आरक्षित वर्ग यानि OBC/SC/ST/EWS/PH/WOMEN वर्ग का कोई उम्मीदवार UR कैटेगरी से ज्यादा नंबर प्राप्त करता है तो उसे अनारक्षित वर्ग में चयनित किया जायेगा फिर भी उत्तर प्रदेश लोक सेवा आयोग अपनी मनमानी करते हुए आरक्षित वर्ग के उम्मीदवारों के अधिकार पर डाका डाल रहा है।

हम सभी आरक्षित वर्ग के छात्र RO/ARO 2023 और UPPCS 2025 के मामले में माइग्रेशन लागू करने के लिए माननीय इलाहाबाद हाईकोर्ट में केस भी लड़ रहे लेकिन कल आयोग ने RO/ARO 2023 MAINS परीक्षा का एडमिट कार्ड भी जारी कर दिया जबकि इसके प्री परीक्षा के रिजल्ट्स में माइग्रेशन नियम का पालन नहीं हुआ है।

सुप्रीम कोर्ट के हालिया डिसीजन को देखते हुए उत्तर प्रदेश सरकार और उत्तर प्रदेश लोक सेवा आयोग को स्वतः माइग्रेशन नियम लागू कर देना चाहिए था लेकिन अभी तक ऐसा नहीं हुआ है।

हम सभी आरक्षित वर्ग (OBC/SC/ST/EWS/PH/WOMEN) के प्रतियोगी छात्रों की अंतिम उम्मीद आप ही हैं 🙏

हम सभी व्यक्तिगत रूप से आपसे मिलकर इस मामले को डिटेल में आपके समक्ष रखना चाहते है ताकि लाखों की संख्या में तैयारी करने वाले आरक्षित वर्ग के उम्मीदवार का भविष्य अंधकारमय न हो और उनके संवैधानिक आरक्षण के अधिकार का हनन न हो।

आशा है कि मेरा ये पत्र आप तक जरूर पहुंचेगा और आप इस पर संज्ञान भी लेंगे🙏🙏

[ANI @ANI]

#WATCH | Darjeeling, West Bengal | President Droupadi Murmu says, "Today was the International Santal Conference. When I came here after attending it, I realised it would have been better if it had been held here, because the area is so vast... I don't know what went through the administration's mind... They said no, the place is congested. But I think five lakh people could gather here easily. But I don't know why they took us there... I don't know what went through the administration's mind that they chose a place for the conference where the Santal people couldn't go... I am very sad that the people here were unable to reach the conference because it was held so far away. Perhaps the administration had hoped that no one would be able to attend, and the President would simply turn around and leave... If the President visits a place, the Chief Minister and the Ministers should also come. But she did not... I am also a daughter of Bengal... Mamata Didi is also my sister, my younger sister. I don't know if she was angry with me, that's why this happened..."

(Source: Darjeeling District Administration)

[Dilip Mandal @Profdilipmandal]

ममता बनर्जी किस कुंठा में जी रही हैं?

भारत में ये पहला मौका है जब राष्ट्रपति किसी राज्य के दौरे पर हों और उनके स्वागत के लिए राज्यपाल, मुख्यमंत्री या उनके नियुक्त कोई मंत्री उपस्थित न हों. ममता बनर्जी की सरकार ने एक शहर के मेयर को राष्ट्रपति मुर्मू के स्वागत के लिए भेजा. इतने राष्ट्पति बने, पक्ष-विपक्ष की सरकारें रहीं, ये किसी सीएम ने नहीं किया था.

ममता बनर्जी किस कुंठा में जी रही हैं? एक आदिवासी महिला का राष्ट्र के शिखर पद पर होना वे स्वीकार क्यों नहीं कर पा रही हैं.

[Narendra Modi @narendramodi]

The decision of the Union Cabinet on alteration of the name of Kerala to Keralam reflects the will of the people of the state. It is in line with our efforts to strengthen the connect with our glorious culture.

https://t.co/pdzsgiU1l2

[रविसेन मुंडा @rawisen]

@AmbedkariteLM No reservations in some state like Jharkhand in Session Courts Superior Judicial Services.

[AmbedkariteIN @AmbedkariteLM]

🚨Time to end the 'Collegium Raj' in judiciary!

DMK MP P. Wilson introduced Constitution Amendment Bill 2026: Population-based reservation for SC/ST/OBC in Supreme Court & High Courts!

Hard facts:
⭐ Last 5 yrs High Court judges – ~80% upper castes, only 4% SC, 2% ST, 13% OBC.
⭐ Supreme Court dominated by Brahmins & upper castes – certain communities have captured it!

Collegium:
⭐ Opaque, closed-door, full of 'uncle judge' syndrome – it's an exclusive club, not social justice!

Bill demands:
⭐ Reservation for SC/ST/OBC/minorities/women
⭐ Transparency + finalize MoP
⭐ Regional SC benches (Chennai, Mumbai, Kolkata)
⭐ HC judge retirement 62 → 65

⭐ Since 1950, no reservation in judiciary – now justice must be equal for all, not a privilege for few!

[Nethrapal @nethrapal]

SC, ST, and OBC students who secure more than General Merit Cutoff should be treated as General in every stage and not at the final stages.

A major supreme court clarification.

Our detailed analysis and its impact on UPSC,SSC and other exams.

https://t.co/jKA4EDLZW1

[Jairam Ramesh @Jairam_Ramesh]

This is a wonderful article by one of our finest historians who is also the Director of the Netaji Research Bureau in Kolkata

https://t.co/cAEPCw1Uop

[रविसेन मुंडा @rawisen]

@Vipintiwari952 Previous order was Ashwin-Jadeja-Kuldeep-Axar whereas current order is Jadeja -Kuldeep-Sundar -Axar. In Sri Lanka Sundar walks in the spin trio and should bat at 7 ahead of R Jadeja, same with Aussie. In New Zealand his batting should push him ahead of Jadeja #IndianCricket

[रविसेन मुंडा @rawisen]

Sack Gautam Gambhir and Ajit Agarkar immediately. Heads must roll. Call players with 100 Test experience to replace them. #IndvsSA #IndianCricket

[Dayanand Kamble @dayakamPR]

MBBS पास करने के लिये आरक्षण नही होता हैं बुद्धू. सिर्फ ऍडमिशन के वक्त ही आरक्षण लागू होता हैं. SC/ST कॅटेगरी के छात्रौ को भी MBBS पास होने के लिये marks में कोई आरक्षण नही होता हैं. वहा सामान्य वर्ग के विद्यार्थी के लिये जितने मार्क पास होने के लिये जरुरी होते हैं उतने ही मार्क SC/ST विद्यार्थी के लिये जरुरी हैं. और हा ये जो selection हुवा हैं ये संविधान में लिखी समानता की संधी के अनुसार होता हैं रे बुद्धू. अगर आरक्षण नही होता तो ऊंचे पदो पर बैठे हुवे तेरे जैसे जातीवादी कभी भी SC/ ST के लोगों को कभी भी नियुक्त नही करते.

@SatyajeetM72938 थोडी जाणकारी ले मेडिकल कॉलेज में जा कर की SC/ST के विद्यार्थी को Passing Percentage में आरक्षण होता हैं क्या? तुम लोग नही सुधरोगे. तुम्हारी पूर्वज भी जातीवादी थे और तुम भी. अनपढ कही के

[Richard Kettlebourogh Fans @RichKettle07]

Hope this video reaches Haris Rauf 😂

IAF 11-0 (destroyed 11 bases of pak, even cricket stadium & terr**ist camps

One Country 🇮🇳 - have all video proofs, satellite images of every war

Other Country 🇵🇰 - rely on social media for victory😅

Now, I want 93,000 Likes 😆 #INDvPAK

[Subhajit Naskar @subhajit_n]

Ruling upper caste elites despite constantly denying representation to majority SC ST OBCs should eternally be grateful to Dr. Ambedkar,rather than saying Ambedkar,Ambedkar is a fashion. It's Babasaheb who've inculcated democratic norms in an undemocratic society like India's.

[रविसेन मुंडा @rawisen]

https://t.co/zjaFup7hiH

[K Raju @KRajuINC]

भारत की शीर्ष 30 प्राइवेट विश्वविद्यालयों में चौंकाने वाली असमानता देखी जा रही है - केवल 5% अनुसूचित जाति (SC), 1% से भी कम अनुसूचित जनजाति (ST) और 24% अन्य पिछड़ा वर्ग (OBC) छात्र—जो संवैधानिक आरक्षण प्रावधानों से बहुत कम हैं।

@narendramodi सरकार चुप है—यह गंभीर सवाल खड़े करता है। क्या यह SC/ST/OBC की प्रगति रोकने के लिए @RSSorg एजेंडे का हिस्सा है?

#मोदीसरकार संविधान के अनुच्छेद 15(5) को क्यों लागू नहीं कर रही, जिसमें स्पष्ट लिखा है—
"यह अनुच्छेद या अनुच्छेद 19 की उपधारा (1) के उपबिंदु (g) में कुछ भी ऐसा नहीं है जिससे राज्य को कोई विशेष प्रावधान बनाने से रोका जाए—सामाजिक और शैक्षिक रूप से पिछड़े वर्गों, अनुसूचित जातियों और अनुसूचित जनजातियों की उन्नति के लिए, विशेष रूप से राज्य सहायता प्राप्त या गैर-सहायता प्राप्त निजी शैक्षणिक संस्थानों में (अनुच्छेद 30(1) में उल्लिखित अल्पसंख्यक शैक्षणिक संस्थानों को छोड़कर) प्रवेश से संबंधित प्रावधान।"

आंकड़े दिखाते हैं कि कैसे हिंदुत्व राजनीति सामाजिक न्याय की अनदेखी कर विशेषाधिकार प्राप्त लोगो की रक्षा करती है। यह कोई संयोग नहीं, बल्कि एक संरचनात्मक भेदभाव है। #CasteJustice #ReservationRights #ModiSilent