📢 TGSS 2024 raporu 8 Şubat'ta yayınlanıyor! 📊📖
🇹🇷 Türkiye’nin sosyal, kültürel, ekonomik ve politik yapısına dair ulusal ölçekte yapılmış en kapsamlı araştırma olan TGSS'in bulguları için takipte kalın.
For anyone looking for freeware electrophoresis gel analysis software, check out GelAnalyzer 23.1 by Dr. Istvan Lazar Jr. and Dr. Istvan Lazar Sr.
As you can guess from the version number this software has been around for a while (since 2010) and has been quite popular over this time (over 1K citations in Google Scholar).
Its core features include:
⭐Analysis of gel images from many image sources
⭐Rotation and cropping of images
⭐Auto-detection of lanes
⭐Auto-detection amplicon peaks
⭐Full manual control of adding/modifying lanes and bands
⭐Background and distortion correction
⭐Quantitative and qualitative calibration and evaluation
It’s free, works on Windows/Mac/Linux, relatively easy to use, and has a good walkthrough guide on the website.
To get it to work, load up a good quality gel image, correct for any gel distortions by entering "retardation factor" spline lines, enter molecular weight and concentration data from your DNA ladder, fit curves to calibrate, and then you can automatically estimate the molecular weight and concentration of your amplicons.
However, although it can correct distorted gels to some extent, getting good gels in the first place will result in much better results! And results are estimates based on the gel, so this needs to be taken into account.
Here's the citation and link:
GelAnalyzer 23.1 (available at https://t.co/t197r50dpr) by Istvan Lazar Jr., PhD and Istvan Lazar Sr., PhD, CSc
If you already use GelAnalyzer it would be great to hear what you think of it. And if you prefer other software for gel image analysis we'd love to know what you use!
Image below showing the sizing amplicons in a test gel.
@keskinrasit Hocam aslında rüyasında görmediği sonradan anlaşıldı. Rosalind Franklin'e ait çalışmalardan elde edilen bulguları haksız bir sekilde kullandılar. Detaylar icin https://t.co/nq89foJkPK
The two gels below spawned a multi-billion dollar industry that didn't exist prior to their publication in 1997.
While it may seem obvious today, you might find it surprising that we didn't know that fetal DNA was present in a pregnant mother's bloodstream until the late 1990's.
Prior to this discovery, genetic testing on fetuses was only performed if a problem was suspected with a pregnancy or if there was a family history of genetic disorders.
This testing was performed by karyotyping fetal cells.
You've probably seen one of these 'chromosome spreads' in a biology textbook where each of the 23 pairs of chromosomes are lined up next to one another.
This allows a geneticist to check that the chromosomes are intact and see if there are any abnormalities such as those found in Down Syndrome where patients have 3 copies of chromosome 21 instead of 2.
But, back in 1997, the process for collecting fetal cells was very invasive and was done using one of two techniques:
Amniocentesis (Amnio) - a 3-5" long needle is inserted into the mother's abdomen to collect 20 milliliters of amniotic fluid for testing.
Chorionic Villus Sampling (CVS) - A 6" long needle is guided via ultrasound, either vaginally or through the abdomen, to obtain tissue from the placenta for testing.
Unfortunately, these procedures carry a risk and could lead to the loss of the fetus in 1-2% of the procedures.
Recognizing that there had to be a better way, Yuk-Ming Dennis Lo set about figuring out how to get at fetal DNA without having to perform Amnio or CVS.
He knew that fetal cells made it into the maternal bloodstream and that mother and child exchanged cellular material but he couldn't isolate enough fetal cells from the blood to do prenatal genetics with them.
Luckily, in 1996, Lo heard that a team in Switzerland had shown that tumors actually shed cell free DNA into the bloodstream and this tumor DNA could be detected using PCR and primers specific to the tumor DNA.
He reasoned that a baby, or more accurately, the placenta, was basically like a giant tumor and shared the bloodstream with the mother and so it made sense that it too should shed cell free DNA into the bloodstream.
Today's #FigureFriday is proof that Lo's hypothesis was correct and fetal DNA could be isolated from the blood of pregnant females and amplified using PCR.
In this figure, the arrow highlights a 198bp PCR product from the Y chromosome. Case numbers greater than 30 are pregnancies with female fetuses (don't have a Y), and case numbers less than 30 are male fetuses (have a Y).
Further technical advancements and the invention of high throughput sequencers in the early 2000's have transformed this discovery into a popular pregnancy screening test.
Today, non-invasive prenatal testing is second only to oncology applications in sequencing market share.
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Lo YMD, et al. 1997. Presence of fetal DNA in maternal plasma and serum. The Lancet 350(9076), 485–487. DOI:10.1016/s0140-6736(97)02174-0
2003🇧🇷Brezilya
Tur 53:Raikkonen lider
Tur 54:Fisichella lider
Tur 55:Kırmızı Bayrak
Kurallar gereği 2 tur öncenin lideri Raikkonen Galip ilan ediliyor.Günler sonra Fisichella'nın 56.tura başladığı anlaşılıp 54.tur lideri @OfficialFisico Kupayı devralıyor:https://t.co/3YRAhP248t https://t.co/GR15GHJLYK
Real indigo dye comes from a plant and has a surprising range of qualities, including being flame resistant and antibacterial. With origins in Japanese samurai culture, today only five farmers keep the tradition of growing indigo alive in Japan.
👷İnşaat İşçileri El Arabasıyla Pit Stop Yapıyor
🎤@serhanacar o esnada Vettel'in Pit Stopunu anlatıyor
İnşaat işçilerinin F1 sevgisiyle çektikleri videolarını, Serhan Acar'ın sesiyle daha da güzelleştirdik.(Abi,Çita aklında mı?)
2008🇹🇷Kurtköy Toplu Konutlar Şantiyesi Tur 18/58 https://t.co/l6iCe2dQCy