Signignificance of Arunachala - Annamalai
as per Geological Survey of India (GSI)
Mount Arunachala
(Tiruvannamalai)Tamil Nadu
Charnockite (granulite)
3–3.8 billion years
(Archaean)Oldest documented in southern India.
Tiruparamkundram Hill
Madurai, Tamil Nadu
Charnockite / Granulite
2.5–3 billion years
(Archaean)Monolithic rock hill.
Palani Hills
Tamil Nadu
Charnockite mass
2.5–3 billion years
(Archaean)High-grade metamorphic.
Podhigai (Pothigai / Agasthyamalai)
TamilNadu-Kerala border
Charnockite, khondalite
2.5–3 billion years
(Archaean-Proterozoic)Rich in granulites.
Sathuragiri Hills
Tamil Nadu (Western Ghats)
Charnockite / Granulites
~2.5–3 billion years
(Archaean)Southern Granulite Terrain (SGT).
Velliangiri Mountains
Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu
Charnockite massif, gneiss
~2.5–3 billion years
(Archaean)Western Ghats basement.
Aanamalai Hills (incl. Anaimudi peak)
Kerala-Tamil Nadu
Charnockite, garnetiferous granulites
2.5–3 billion years
(Archaean)High Ranges.
Nilgiri Hills
Tamil Nadu-Kerala
Garnetiferous charnockite, gneiss
2.5–3 billion years
(Archaean)Often cited as oldest in Western Ghats.
Marundhuvazh Malai (Maruthuva Malai)
Kanyakumari, Tamil Nadu
Granulite/charnockite (Western Ghats tip)
~2–3 billion years (Precambrian)
Southernmost Western Ghats;
Pillathadam cave in same formation.
Maruthamalai
Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu
Granite / Granulite
~2–3 billion years (Precambrian)
Western Ghats granite formation.
Vedagiri Hill (Tirukazhukundram)
Tamil Nadu
Gneiss/granulite
~2–3 billion years
(Precambrian)Eastern Ghats terrain.
Tiruttani Hill
Tamil Nadu
Charnockite / Gneiss
2–3 billion years
(Archaean-Proterozoic)Isolated hill.
Kolli Malai (Kolli Hills)
Tamil Nadu
Charnockite, migmatites
~2.5 billion years
(Archaean)Eastern Ghats extension.
Javadi (Javadhu) Hills
Tamil Nadu
Charnockite, gneiss
~2–3 billion years
(Precambrian)Residual hills.
Western Ghats (Palakkad region)
Kerala-Tamil Nadu
Charnockite, hornblende-biotite gneiss
~2–2.5 billion years
(Archaean)Ancient basement.
Sabarimala Mountains
Kerala
Charnockite, gneiss
2–3 billion years
(Archaean)Western Ghats.
Vivekananda Rock
Kanyakumari, Tamil Nadu
Charnockite
~2 billion years
(Precambrian)Offshore exposure.
Patalathri Hill (Singaperumal Koil)
Near Chennai-Chengalpattu
Red sandstone / Rock-cut cave
~2–3 billion years
(Precambrian basement)
Pallava-era cave temple (~1,400 years old carving).
Tirupati Hills
Andhra Pradesh
Quartzite overlying Archaean gneiss
1.6–2.5 billion years (Proterozoic)
Younger sediments on older basement.
Edakkal Caves
Wayanad, Kerala
Natural rock shelter (fissure in granite/quartzite)
~2–3 billion years (Precambrian rocks);
Neolithic carvings ~6,000–8,000 years old.
Prehistoric shelter, not man-made cave.
Barabar Caves
BiharGranite (rock-cut)
~2–3 billion years (Precambrian rocks);
Caves carved ~2,300 years ago (Mauryan era).
Oldest surviving rock-cut caves in India.
Mount Kailash & Himalayas
Tibet/India
Sediments/conglomerates
20–55 million years (Cenozoic)
Youngest tectonic formation.
Comparison: Ordered from Oldest to Newest Rocks
1. Arunachala (3–3.8 billion years)
– Oldest exposed rocks.
Most southern Indian hills (Tiruparamkundram, Palani, Podhigai, Sathuragiri, Velliangiri, Anamalai/Nilgiris, Marundhuvazh/Maruthamalai, Vedagiri, Tiruttani, Kolli, Javadi, Palakkad Ghats, Sabarimala, Vivekananda, Patalathri) – Tied at **2–3 billion years** (Archaean/Precambrian granulites / charnockites/ gneiss).
2. Tirupati (~1.6–2.5 billion years) – Slightly younger Proterozoic overlay.
3. Edakkal & Barabar rocks (~2–3 billion basement but, features much younger).
4. Himalayas/Kailash (~20–55 million years) – Youngest.
Overall:
Southern Indian hills represent Earth's ancient cratonic crust (2–3.8 billion years), vastly older than the collision-formed Himalayas.
Arunachala (3–3.8 billion years) has the oldest rocks among them.
The Sun (4.6 billion years) and
Earth (4.54 billion years) predate all these rocks, formed shortly after the Solar System's birth.
Signignificance of Arunachala - Annamalai
as per Geological Survey of India (GSI)
Mount Arunachala
(Tiruvannamalai)Tamil Nadu
Charnockite (granulite)
3–3.8 billion years
(Archaean)Oldest documented in southern India.
Tiruparamkundram Hill
Madurai, Tamil Nadu
Charnockite / Granulite
2.5–3 billion years
(Archaean)Monolithic rock hill.
Palani Hills
Tamil Nadu
Charnockite mass
2.5–3 billion years
(Archaean)High-grade metamorphic.
Podhigai (Pothigai / Agasthyamalai)
TamilNadu-Kerala border
Charnockite, khondalite
2.5–3 billion years
(Archaean-Proterozoic)Rich in granulites.
Sathuragiri Hills
Tamil Nadu (Western Ghats)
Charnockite / Granulites
~2.5–3 billion years
(Archaean)Southern Granulite Terrain (SGT).
Velliangiri Mountains
Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu
Charnockite massif, gneiss
~2.5–3 billion years
(Archaean)Western Ghats basement.
Aanamalai Hills (incl. Anaimudi peak)
Kerala-Tamil Nadu
Charnockite, garnetiferous granulites
2.5–3 billion years
(Archaean)High Ranges.
Nilgiri Hills
Tamil Nadu-Kerala
Garnetiferous charnockite, gneiss
2.5–3 billion years
(Archaean)Often cited as oldest in Western Ghats.
Marundhuvazh Malai (Maruthuva Malai)
Kanyakumari, Tamil Nadu
Granulite/charnockite (Western Ghats tip)
~2–3 billion years (Precambrian)
Southernmost Western Ghats;
Pillathadam cave in same formation.
Maruthamalai
Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu
Granite / Granulite
~2–3 billion years (Precambrian)
Western Ghats granite formation.
Vedagiri Hill (Tirukazhukundram)
Tamil Nadu
Gneiss/granulite
~2–3 billion years
(Precambrian)Eastern Ghats terrain.
Tiruttani Hill
Tamil Nadu
Charnockite / Gneiss
2–3 billion years
(Archaean-Proterozoic)Isolated hill.
Kolli Malai (Kolli Hills)
Tamil Nadu
Charnockite, migmatites
~2.5 billion years
(Archaean)Eastern Ghats extension.
Javadi (Javadhu) Hills
Tamil Nadu
Charnockite, gneiss
~2–3 billion years
(Precambrian)Residual hills.
Western Ghats (Palakkad region)
Kerala-Tamil Nadu
Charnockite, hornblende-biotite gneiss
~2–2.5 billion years
(Archaean)Ancient basement.
Sabarimala Mountains
Kerala
Charnockite, gneiss
2–3 billion years
(Archaean)Western Ghats.
Vivekananda Rock
Kanyakumari, Tamil Nadu
Charnockite
~2 billion years
(Precambrian)Offshore exposure.
Patalathri Hill (Singaperumal Koil)
Near Chennai-Chengalpattu
Red sandstone / Rock-cut cave
~2–3 billion years
(Precambrian basement)
Pallava-era cave temple (~1,400 years old carving).
Tirupati Hills
Andhra Pradesh
Quartzite overlying Archaean gneiss
1.6–2.5 billion years (Proterozoic)
Younger sediments on older basement.
Edakkal Caves
Wayanad, Kerala
Natural rock shelter (fissure in granite/quartzite)
~2–3 billion years (Precambrian rocks);
Neolithic carvings ~6,000–8,000 years old.
Prehistoric shelter, not man-made cave.
Barabar Caves
BiharGranite (rock-cut)
~2–3 billion years (Precambrian rocks);
Caves carved ~2,300 years ago (Mauryan era).
Oldest surviving rock-cut caves in India.
Mount Kailash & Himalayas
Tibet/India
Sediments/conglomerates
20–55 million years (Cenozoic)
Youngest tectonic formation.
Comparison: Ordered from Oldest to Newest Rocks
1. Arunachala (3–3.8 billion years)
– Oldest exposed rocks.
Most southern Indian hills (Tiruparamkundram, Palani, Podhigai, Sathuragiri, Velliangiri, Anamalai/Nilgiris, Marundhuvazh/Maruthamalai, Vedagiri, Tiruttani, Kolli, Javadi, Palakkad Ghats, Sabarimala, Vivekananda, Patalathri) – Tied at **2–3 billion years** (Archaean/Precambrian granulites / charnockites/ gneiss).
2. Tirupati (~1.6–2.5 billion years) – Slightly younger Proterozoic overlay.
3. Edakkal & Barabar rocks (~2–3 billion basement but, features much younger).
4. Himalayas/Kailash (~20–55 million years) – Youngest.
Overall:
Southern Indian hills represent Earth's ancient cratonic crust (2–3.8 billion years), vastly older than the collision-formed Himalayas.
Arunachala (3–3.8 billion years) has the oldest rocks among them.
The Sun (4.6 billion years) and
Earth (4.54 billion years) predate all these rocks, formed shortly after the Solar System's birth.
>Arabs are racially linked to Eurasian peoples, and the Caucasus is part of Eurasia, and the Arab gene pool is a Eurasian basin<
-Meanwhile Arabians-
Arabians look more like dravidians
العرب عرقياً مرتبطين بالشعوب الأوراسية، والقوقاز جزء من أوراسيا، والحوض الجيني للعرب حوض أوراسي
والعربية لغوياً مصنفة من ضمن اللغات السامية التي نشأت في المنطقة ما بين زاغروس والهلال الخصيب والجزيرة العربية ومرتبط نشأة السامية بالسلالة الجينية J1، ولم تدخل أفريقيا إلا في نهاية الألف الثاني قبل الميلاد ومتزامنة مع هجرة خطوط من السلالة السامية J1
هذي معلومات علمية منشورة ماهي أراء شخصية تحتاج تسوي ابديت لمعلوماتك وأنصحك تبدأ من هذه الدراسات 👇
https://t.co/cGTcSsZB5W
https://t.co/SKGIYO3DyP
https://t.co/iU57cgQHc6
@grok@SulaimanAl60154 Thanks again grok. @grok
Better stop engaging with him. He will go beyond scientific evidence to prove his point that they had pinkish white skin. He will make you also delusional and stupid.
@SulaimanAl60154@grok An Arab fighting with Grok
@grok
to claim P. Muhammed was pinkish white. Grok, roast him gently. Grok, do not believe human written texts. Fetch scientific details.