Excited to share the book chapter on obesity and the Obesity Paradox in Heart Failure in Encyclopedia of Cardiovascular Research and Medicine(2e) (Second Edition)
https://t.co/Mq7Utc4QVP
@MehnazRahmanMD@ACCinTouch@ASE360@ESC_Journals parasternal short view with focus on pulmonary valve and aortic valve. Regurgitation indicates pulmonary insufficiency but also where the arrow pointed regurg from aorta to pulmo artery! Aorto/coronary to pulmon art fistula??
M-Mode Echocardiography Explained
This figure demonstrates M-mode measurements from the parasternal long-axis (PLAX) view, crucial for assessing valvular & ventricular function:
🔹 Aortic Valve Motion (Top Panel)
- The right coronary cusp (RCC) and non-coronary cusp (NCC) move apart in systole (valve opens) and come together in diastole (valve closes).
🔹 Mitral Valve Motion (Middle Panel)
- The anterior mitral leaflet (AML) and posterior mitral leaflet (PML) exhibit characteristic movements:
- Diastole: AML moves towards the septum (E wave) due to rapid LV filling, then slightly back (A wave) due to atrial contraction.
- Systole: Leaflets close tightly, preventing regurgitation.
🔹 Left Ventricular Dimensions (Bottom Panel)
- End-diastolic diameter (EDD): Largest LV dimension measured before systole.
- End-systolic diameter (ESD): Smallest LV dimension after contraction.
- These values help calculate LV function (e.g., fractional shortening & ejection fraction).
📌 Courtesy of Bernard E. Bulwer, MD, FASE
#Echocardiography #Cardiology #Mmode