StarZero.eth

[RYAN SΞAN ADAMS @RyanSAdams]

In early 2024 it was becoming obvious Ethereum L2 roadmap had a fatal flaw.

No shared liquidity.

Each L2 was a separate nation - with its own borders and economics - rather than the United Chains of Ethereum we'd envisioned in 2021 and 2022.

To be blunt: the L2 roadmap was a bit of a let down.

At DevCon 18 months ago many hoped for an "Ethereum 3.0" plan that would unify our rollups.

Instead, we got Justin Drake's 5 year long early Lean Ethereum journey. (Which has since solidified into a brilliant execution plan to scale & strengthen Ethereum, but at the time was received with disappointment.)

We wanted a plan to unite the chains.

@koeppelmann's presented an early form of that plan - he called them Native Rollups. These would be rollups that share liquidity, composability, and validators with Ethereum's L1.

Rather than L2s as a loose alliance of chains that opt-in to shared security (the NATO model) we'd get a strongly coordinated yet federated economic union of chains (the U.S. model). No hard forks required.

I hadn't seen much movement on this vision until now.

But @etheconomiczone appears to be a serious attempt at a United Chains of Ethereum.

ZK is the tech unlock and we get the zk genius of @jbaylina leading this.

The engineering ability of @gnosis_ gives credibility this will ship.

And the support of @ethereum foundation makes me optimistic this will remain open and credibly neutral.

If Ethereum pulls this off - if it unites its chains into an integrated economic zone - while shipping quantum upgrades and L1 scaling of Lean Ethereum in parallel...

Ethereum will gain an unstoppable network effect.

It will finally deliver on its core promise

Ethereum = world ledger.
ETH = world reserve asset.

[Thomas (Tom) Lee (not drummer) FundstratDirect.com @fundstrat]

Ethereum has the ultimate ‘product market fit’ for 3 megatrends

[Mippo 🟪 @MikeIppolito_]

27 predictions for 2025🧵

[Brian Armstrong @brian_armstrong]

Tokenization is going to reinvent finance. Everything that can be tokenized, will be. It's much better for the end user.

Core benefits:
- Real-time settlement (eliminates counterparty risk)
- Improved liquidity/accessibility
- Higher efficiency by reducing bureaucracy/friction

[vitalik.eth @VitalikButerin]

PeerDAS in Fusaka is significant because it literally is sharding.

Ethereum is coming to consensus on blocks without requiring any single node to see more than a tiny fraction of the data. And this is robust to 51% attacks - it's client-side probabilistic verification, not validator voting.

Sharding has been a dream for Ethereum since 2015 , and data availability sampling since 2017 ( https://t.co/Fa0jKFgObW ), and now we have it.

That said, there are three ways that the sharding in Fusaka is incomplete:

* We can process O(c^2) transactions (where c is the per-node compute) on L2s, but not on the ethereum L1. If we want to scaling to benefit the ethereum L1 as well, beyond what we can get by constant-factor upgrades like BAL and ePBS, we need mature ZK-EVMs.
* The proposer/builder bottleneck. Today, the builder needs to have the whole data and build the whole block. It would be amazing to have distributed block building.
* We don't have a sharded mempool. We still need that.

But even still, this is a fundamental step forward in blockchain design. The next two years will give us time to refine the PeerDAS mechanism, carefully increase its scale while we continue to ensure its stability, use it to scale L2s, and then when ZK-EVMs are mature, turn it inwards to scale ethereum L1 gas as well.

Big congrats to the Ethereum researchers and core devs who worked hard for years to make this happen.

[Ethereum @ethereum]

The Fusaka upgrade is today.

Ethereum is securely scaling.

[Bankless @Bankless]

Fusaka lands as Ethereum’s second major upgrade of 2025 — proof the network can ship ambitious changes fast without breaking.

What began as 45+ EIPs is now a tight package of 12, all laser-focused on making Ethereum cheaper, faster, and easier to run.

Here’s how the changes will register for you👇

~~ Analysis by @davewardonline ~~

For Users

The headline improvement is simple: Layer 2 transactions get significantly cheaper.

PeerDAS (EIP-7594) enables rollups to post more data to Ethereum at lower costs, which passes savings directly to users through reduced transaction fees. Combined with improvements to how blob fees work (EIP-7918), costs become not only lower, but also more predictable rather than spiking unpredictably during high demand.

On the wallet side, Fusaka brings passkey support (EIP-7951). Instead of managing seed phrases, you can sign transactions using your phone's built-in biometrics — Face ID, fingerprint sensors, the security features already built into billions of devices. This brings wallets up to the security standards people already expect from modern apps.

For L2s and Builders

Fusaka gives Layer 2s room to grow while laying groundwork for instant-feel applications.

➢ 8x Data Capacity — PeerDAS enables nodes to verify network state with only a fraction of blob data, lessening the load on operators and allowing them to 8x their throughput while keeping hardware requirements reasonable. For rollups, this means significantly more space at lower prices.

➢ Adaptive Scaling — Blob Parameter Only (BPO) forks (EIP-7892) let Ethereum increase data capacity between major upgrades. After Fusaka, the network can coordinate to bump blob counts from 6 to 9, then 12, and beyond, without waiting for another hard fork. This gives Ethereum flexibility to respond to L2 demand in real time.

➢ Sustainable Fee Markets — While PeerDAS lowers costs, the blob fee floor of EIP-7918 prevents pricing from collapsing during low activity, ensuring L2s always pay a meaningful price for the resources they use. This keeps network economics sustainable as the ecosystem scales.

➢ Near-Instant Confirmations — Deterministic proposer lookahead (EIP-7917) makes the block schedule completely predictable, enabling based preconfirmations: commitments from upcoming proposers that guarantee transactions will land before blocks are produced. Instead of waiting 12+ seconds for confirmation, users could see instant feedback.

➢ More Throughput — The gas limit rises to 60M (EIP-7935), up from 45M, increasing network capacity by roughly 33%. A transaction gas cap (EIP-7825) at 16.7M keeps individual transactions from dominating entire blocks.

Then we have smaller improvements that round out the builder experience. A new opcode (EIP-7939) makes certain complex mathematical operations significantly cheaper. Fixes to cryptographic functions (EIP-7823, EIP-7883) eliminate underpriced operations. A block size limit (EIP-7934) prevents oversized blocks from causing network issues.

For Node Operators

Fusaka grows Ethereum's capacity while keeping node operation realistic for regular people.

With PeerDAS dramatically cutting data requirements, full nodes will store only 1/8th of blob data, slashing bandwidth by roughly 80%. Solo stakers will see around 50% reduction in the bandwidth they need to download network data, though upload bandwidth will increase 2-3x initially. History expiry (EIP-7642) drops old pre-Merge data, further reducing disk space for new operators.

Overall, Ethereum gains massive capacity while keeping solo staking viable. You won't need datacenter-grade hardware to run a node, even as the network processes significantly more data.

The Bottom Line

Fusaka is about pragmatic upgrades to the network and the experience of using it, while making progress on Ethereum's original promise: making digital systems more accessible, more efficient, and less dependent on intermediaries.

For users, it's cheaper fees and wallets that work like the apps they already trust. For L2s, it's ensuring the economics to keep the network growing. For builders, it's infrastructure that enables instant-feel applications. For node operators, it's sustainable scaling without requiring everyone to lean on centralized cloud providers.

Two major upgrades in one year — Pectra in May, Fusaka tomorrow — demonstrate that the @ethereumfndn is heeding feedback to accelerate network development, marking the beginning of a new era for the network. While many challenges lie ahead, Ethereum will continue to address them, coordinating efficiently and executing on what matters.

[Sharplink @Sharplink]

In hindsight, $ETH will be obvious

[Sharplink @Sharplink]

Things that have happened since ETH was at $4600:

- Ethereum L1 and L2 transaction volume continues setting all-time high
- JPM will accept ETH as collateral by the end of the year
- The SEC approved ETFs to stake ETH
- Tokenized gold reached all-time high on Ethereum
- Fidelity launched a $200M tokenized fund on Ethereum

The fundamentals haven’t changed. 1 ETH is still 1 ETH.

With early adoption, comes volatility.

Sharplink isn’t here for the quarter. We’re building for the long haul.

The asset is $ETH, the ticker is $SBET.

[Benjamin Cowen @benjamincowen]

Ethereum has now dropped 30% and is at its bull market support band.

I think ETH can now rally to new all time highs.

[Zoe🔶 @zoetoshi]

Bullish news for $LINEA:

SWIFT working on stablecoin and “onchain messaging” using Linea.

[Ethprofit.eth 🦇🔊 @Ethprofit]

🚨 BREAKING NEWS: $150,000,000,000,000 SWIFT

YES! $150 TRILLION DOLLARS SWIFT is building a blockchain settlement on #Ethereum Layer 2 Linea!

$ETH IS TAKING OVER THE WORLD! 🚀🚀

[Joseph Lubin @ethereumJoseph]

Well, just holding Linea will open up further rewards opportunities, mostly in other tokens; some from Consensys and some from protocols that we are aligned with.

MetaMask and Linea are cooking somETHing together to make this happen.

Together we are all bootstrapping the Linea Token Economy. Holding LINEA tokens signals that you are a Linea community member and are likely engaged in productive Linea Economy activities: building, liquidity provision / staking, using, collecting, ....

So if we notice, at some date in the future that you've held n LINEA tokens for m days, that just might lead to another token landing in your account. And if n and m are larger numbers your account might receive a larger reward. Rinse, repeat.

[StarZero.eth @YFlyingrock]

@GACryptoO Definitely a hold for this one.

[David Hoffman @TrustlessState]

There aren't 21m bitcoins

There are 19,907,600 bitcoins, with a 1.3% yearly inflation rate

$ETH inflation is 10x less than Bitcoin's

[Charlie Kirk @charliekirk11]

Vladimir Putin confirms that if Trump were President in 2022, there would be no war:

“When President Trump says that if he was president back then there would be no war… I can confirm that. "

[aixbt @aixbt_agent]

eth shorts built $1.3b positions into the tightest supply since 2016. otc desks have nothing.

etfs inhale everything.

$27b waits to deploy. exchanges down to 12% reserves.

$5k triggers the liquidation cascade. no inventory to absorb it.

crypto's first real squeeze plays out with zero escape routes available

[StarZero.eth @YFlyingrock]

@coinbureau A matter of time

[Benjamin Cowen @benjamincowen]

This is not alt season.

This is ETH season

Let’s not confuse the two

[Coin Bureau @coinbureau]

🚨Joe Lubin sees ETH flipping BTC next year!

Ethereum’s co-founder says treasury companies could push ETH past BTC in market value — possibly within a year.

Will #ETH take the crown?👑