Latest crazy story from the frontiers of math and AI -- a neurosurgery resident, with no training in advanced math, uses ChatGPT 5.6 to solve a major open problem in numerical linear algebra. https://t.co/xckiv4TCFc
New (shorter) lecture! Over-optimization, foundations of reward hacking, sycophancy, verbosity, etc. In recording this, I realized that rubrics are going to be prone to overopt in a way like reward models, where RLVR is its own thing. This is mostly fundamentals, history, and reflections!
00:00 Intro & Why We Care About Over-optimization
04:20 Part 1: Over-optimization & Goodhart's Law
09:57 Signatures of Over-Optimization & Misalignment
14:47 Part 2: Beyond "Just Style"
20:13 Llama 4 & Gaming the Leaderboards
23:04 Course Recap & Conclusion
Primarily on Chapter 14.
I promised you a reading list.
I recommend the old classics, such as The Wealth of Nations, first published a few months before the U.S. Declaration of Independence, or anything by Frédéric Bastiat (1801–1850), originally in French, or Carl Menger’s Grundsätze der Volkswirtschaftslehre (1871), or Philip Wicksteed’s The Common Sense of Political Economy (1910), or Joan Robinson’s Exercises in Economic Analysis (1960) (brilliant, but a strange one; she devolved into a Maoist Marxist).
Also, study the modern classics in what we called at the University of Chicago “price theory.” Below, I list them from most elementary to most advanced.
A somewhat different route to becoming a real economist is to read what is called “Austrian” economics, descended from Carl Menger.
The Chicagoans tend to be more mathematical, the Austrians more philosophical.
Taken together, they teach what is right about a liberal economy.
My latest column for @folha
El ingeniero que construyo Claude Code acaba de soltar un video de 28 minutos donde te enseña a escribir prompts que realmente funcionan
He visto cursos de 300 dolares que no llegan ni a la mitad de lo que explica en los primeros 10 minutos
Archivos CLAUDE.md, atajos de memoria, sesiones paralelas y patrones de prompting que cambian el juego
Todo en un solo video y completamente gratis
Da igual si eres principiante, desarrollador o ya llevas meses usandolo
Esto te va a hacer usar Claude como nunca antes