At the Battle of Adwa in 1896, roughly half the force fighting under the Italian flag was Eritrean askaris — colonial troops trained by Italy to fight Menelik's Ethiopian army. When Italy lost, some captured askaris faced a very different fate than their Italian counterparts.
In December 1895, Ethiopian forces nearly wipe out an Italian position at Amba Alagi — proof Italy's intelligence on the Ethiopian army is wrong. Rome treats it as an embarrassment, not a warning, and pushes General Baratieri toward the attack that follows months later.
In 1889, Italy and Ethiopia sign the Treaty of Wuchale — but the Amharic and Italian copies don't agree. That mistranslation becomes Italy's excuse to claim Ethiopia as a protectorate, and the spark for a war that ends in one of colonial Europe's most consequential defeats.
Hours before the Battle of Isandlwana, Colonel Durnford , the senior officer , asked for infantry backup to scout Zulu movements. Lt. Col. Pulleine refused. Durnford rode out anyway , one of several command decisions in Britain's worst colonial defeat.
The smallpox blankets at Fort Pitt were real.
The intent was documented.
But the famous story about who ordered it? The dates don’t match.
Here’s what actually happened at Fort Pitt in 1763: https://t.co/2PDeQ5QCkk via @YouTube
His followers thought he was untouchable — a living saint. Chaldiran proved otherwise, and he never led an army again. Full documentary 👉 https://t.co/PPridg6jTL
Two empires bet everything on one field in 1514 — and the border it drew still shapes the Middle East today. Full documentary 👉 https://t.co/PPridg6jTL
Ottoman cannon obliterated his cavalry. They captured his capital. By every measure, the war was over.
Then winter and a mutiny forced the "winners" to retreat anyway.
Nobody actually won this one.
Because switching to firearms meant destroying the warrior code his entire army — and his throne — were built on. Full documentary 👉 https://t.co/PPridg6jTL
A king led a cavalry charge into 200 cannons and thousands of muskets — armed with nothing but a sword.
He wasn't ignorant. He'd already won battles using guns before this one.
So why throw away the winning weapon?