Chris Rider, PhD

RA @PollutionLab studying glucocorticoids, #AirPollution & #lung diseases e.g. #Asthma & #COPD. Tweet for @COERD_UBC, @ATS_GG & @ATS_EOPH. He/Him #BLM

[Lung Cancer Europe @LungCancerEu]

‼️ Landmark #lungcancer research published today in Cell

Scientists at the Francis Crick Institute and UCL have discovered a 14-protein blood signature that predicts lung cancer more than 5 years before diagnosis, works in never-smokers, and could identify who benefits from prevention treatment.

People with high levels of these proteins were the ones who actually benefited from a drug to damp that inflammation down, cutting their lung cancer risk nearly in half.

This could finally give us something lung cancer has never had: a way to prevent it in the people most at risk.

https://t.co/SaZwBHnxvZ

#LCSM

[Scientific American @sciam]

The past 11 years were the 11 hottest on record amid an increasing onslaught of climate-driven disasters, the World Meteorological Organization said in a new report
https://t.co/IekkGvvWto

[Sushmita Roy @sroyyors.bsky.social,genomic.social @sroyyors]

Perspective on recent developments and challenges in regulatory and systems genomics https://t.co/dn8pts7diL is out, amazing to think about this with @JuliaZeitlinger, @ferhatay, @mahonylab, @AMathelier, @AleMedinaRivera, @jernst98!

[Xi Fu @alexanderfuxi]

GET is finally published!
- Paper: https://t.co/O1jIzeA3xl (new validations, dry and wet)
- Model: https://t.co/WVS6MfKnWS (new tutorial on PBMC 10x Multiome data)
- Analysis package: https://t.co/aswdZG2FRq
- Demo: https://t.co/CYkQMtj8TU
- Docker: https://t.co/rzhO7W0A6U

[Owen Gregorian @OwenGregorian]

An Alarming Rise In Retractions Of Research Papers

When scientists make important discoveries, both big and small, they typically publish their findings in scientific journals for others to read. This sharing of knowledge helps to advance science: it can, in turn, lead to more important discoveries.

But published research papers can be retracted if there is an issue with their accuracy or integrity. And in recent years, the number of retractions has been rising sharply. For example, in 2023 more than 10,000 research papers were retracted globally. This marked a new record.

The huge number of retractions indicates a lot of government research funding is being wasted. More importantly, the publication of so much flawed research also misleads other researchers and undermines scientific integrity.

Fuelling this troubling trend is a mentality known in academia as “publish or perish” which has existed for decades. The publication of research papers drives university rankings and career progression, yet the relentless pressure to publish has contributed to an increase in fraudulent data. Unless this changes, the entire research landscape may shift toward a less rigorous standard, hindering vital progress in fields such as medicine, technology and climate science.

A ‘publish or perish’ environment

Universities and research institutes commonly use the rate of publications as a key indicator of research productivity and reputation.

The Times Higher Education Index, which ranks these institutions, assigns 60% of its score to research, and publications are fundamental to this score.

Additionally, publications are closely tied to individual career advancement. They influence decisions on tenure, promotions and securing funding.

These factors create a “publish or perish” environment, a term first coined in 1942 by sociologist Logan Wilson.

A growing trend

Recent evidence indicates the constant pressure to generate data and publish papers may be affecting the quality of research and fuelling retractions of research papers.

Retraction Watch is one of the largest databases to monitor scientific retractions. Launched in 2010, it reveals a growing trend in the number of publications being retracted.

In the past decade, there have been more than 39,000 retractions, and the annual number of retractions is growing by around 23% each year.

Nearly half the retractions were due to issues related to the authenticity of the data. For example, in August the United States Office of Research Integrity found that Richard Eckert, a senior biochemist at the University of Maryland, Baltimore, faked data in 13 published papers. Four of these papers have been corrected, one has been retracted and the remainder are still awaiting action.

Plagiarism was the second most common reason research papers were retracted, accounting for 16% of retractions.

Fake peer review was another reason why research papers were retracted.

Typically, when a publication is submitted to a journal, it undergoes peer review by experts in the same field. These experts provide feedback to improve the quality of the work.

However, the use of fake peer reviewers has increased tenfold over the past decade. There has also been an eightfold rise in publications linked to so-called “paper mills”, which are businesses that provide fake papers for a fee.

In 2022, up to 2% of all publications were from paper mills.

Genuine mistakes in the scientific process accounted for only roughly 6% of all retractions in the last decade.

More pressure, more mistakes

One reason for the surge in retractions over the last decade may be that we are getting better at finding and detecting suspicious data.

Digital publishing has made it easier to detect potential fabrication, and more scientists are making a brave stand against these dubious practices. No doubt, the current number of retractions is an underestimate of a much larger pool.

But the intensification of the “publish or perish” culture within universities also plays a major role.

Nearly all academic staff are required to meet specific publication quotas for performance evaluations, while institutions themselves use publication output to boost their rankings. High publication counts and citations enhance a university’s position in global rankings, attracting more students and generating income from teaching.

The prevailing reward system in academia often prioritises publication quantity over quality. When promotions, funding, and recognition are tied to the number of papers published, scientists may feel pressured to cut corners, rush experiments, or even fabricate data to meet these metrics.

Changing the model

Initiatives such as the San Francisco Declaration on Research Assessment are pushing for change. This initiative advocates for evaluating research based on its quality and societal impact rather than journal-based metrics such as impact factors or citation counts.

A shift in journal policies to prioritise the sharing of all experimental data would enhance scientific integrity. It would ensure researchers could replicate experiments to verify others’ results.

Also, universities, research institutions and funding agencies need to improve their due diligence and hold those responsible for misconduct accountable.

Including a simple question such as, “Have you ever had or been involved in a retracted paper?” on grant applications or academic promotions would improve the integrity of research by deterring unethical behaviour. Dishonest answers could be easily detected, thanks to the availability of online tools and databases such as Retraction Watch.

Over the past 20 years, scientific research has significantly improved our quality of life. Career scientists must shoulder the responsibility of ensuring researchers uphold the values of truth and integrity that are fundamental to our profession. Protecting the integrity of our work is foremost to our mission, and we must remain vigilant in safeguarding these principles.

This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article:

https://t.co/OfaLQh8iTE

[Chris Rider, PhD @ChrisFRider]

@jessenleon Thank you!!

[Environmental Health Perspectives @EHPonline]

NEW: In a controlled human exposure study, Ryu et al. found evidence that the effects of acute traffic pollution exposure on lung function and immune response are influenced by the respiratory microbiome ➡️ https://t.co/UubXxMdgsM @MH_Ryu @PollutionLab @HLIStPauls @COERD_UBC

[Chris Rider, PhD @ChrisFRider]

Fantastic presentation by @gilliangoobie on DNA methylation, biological age and ILD! #ATS2024 @ATS_EOPH @ATS_GG

[ATS G&G Section @ATS_GG]

The @ATS_GG meeting is happening today at 11:45am in the Marriott Coronado (South Tower, level 4)! Come see @TreyIdeker present Building a Mind for Human Disease! #ATS2024 @ATS_Assemblies @ATS_AII @RachelSKelly4 @craig_hersh @Asthma3Ways @EFornoMD @KaminskiMed @JPantaleonMD

[ATS Red Journal @AJRCMB]

📣 CALL FOR PAPERS-Climate Change

Showcasing papers that investigate the mechanisms by which environmental climate change-related factors impact lung health and disease

Deadline is October 1, 2024

More information here:
https://t.co/EPGUe2AguM?

[Guardian Environment @guardianeco]

More than one-third of people in the US exposed to harmful air pollution – report https://t.co/hF9MxRORE4

[Chris Rider, PhD @ChrisFRider]

Canada at risk of another devistating wildfire season, federal government warns! https://t.co/w55uFuMKoB @ATS_EOPH @COERD_UBC @PollutionLab @emily_brigham @Legacyairway @LimEmilia

[Chris Rider, PhD @ChrisFRider]

Our new paper Concentration-dependent alterations in the human plasma proteome following controlled exposure to diesel exhaust shows that DE exposure can modulate numerous blood proteins e.g. complement factors, whose expression correlates with lung func https://t.co/42HDDitmIa

[Kymberly Gowdy @GowdyKymberly]

So proud and excited for @IlonaJ2016 to receive this prestigious award from @SOToxicology! She has had a tremendous impact on the careers of so many (including my own) and is an amazing mentor and scientist!

[Chris Rider, PhD @ChrisFRider]

@GrouponHelpUS any chance you can help me with me with a purchase? Please dm

[ERS Assembly 6 @ERS_Assembly6]

It's starting! Have a nice and fruitful congress Assembly 6 members @EuroRespSoc

[George Thurston @ProfGThurston]

When we transition off fossil fuels for our energy, EVERY day of the year would be a cleaner air day!

[PHD Comics @PHDcomics]

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