Dear ICP community, the Internet Computer has now been running strong for 5 years 👏👏👏
Here is a celebratory preview of ICP "cloud engines," the sovereign frontier cloud technology the network shall soon provide from https://t.co/D5Dfj44BmO.
Main points:
— Cloud engines enable anyone to spin up their own sovereign frontier cloud. The technology involves an extraordinary inventive step, in which cloud is created from a mathematically secure network of nodes. The nodes run as part of the Internet Computer network (https://t.co/ptsshOm9nj) but are selected and configured by the cloud engine's owner.
— The frontier cloud provided by engines is strongly focused on enabling AI agents to build and update online applications and services for us. The world is changing fast, and nearly all new online apps and services are already being built with the help of AI, and thus cloud engines target the future of cloud.
— Software hosted on cloud engines is tamperproof, which means that it is immune to infrastructure hacks, because it runs inside a mathematically secure network protocol, rather than on computers directly. This means that AI agents, and those building with them, don't need to have a security team in the loop, or to trust someone else's security team. This is crucial, because in the future, non technical people will demand the freedom to build with full automation — where they just need to issue instructions to AI about what to build, and don't need to worry about anything or anyone else. Of course, apps and services running on engines are also vastly safer from the new breed of hacker being enabled by frontier AI.
(The cloud engines themselves are also "tamperproof." Even if a hacker gains physical access to some portion of a cloud engine's nodes, and can make arbitrary changes, the computations and data of the hosted apps and services cannot be corrupted or interrupted so long as the network's fault bounds aren't exceeded. The recent hack of Vercel, a major cloud platform, which gave hackers access to the apps it hosted, provides additional perspective on the importance of this advantage.)
— Software hosted on cloud engines is guaranteed to run, so long as a sufficient number of the engine's nodes are running. This means that AI can build applications and services without the need to have a human systems admin team constantly tinkering with the underlying platform to keep it running, which is again crucial, because in the future, non technical people will expect the freedom to use AI to build without the support of others.
— New frontier programming language technology, in the form of the Motoko language developed by Caffeine Labs, leverages seminal "orthogonal persistence" technology that unifies program logic and data to deliver further unlocks for AI (Motoko is the first computer language being developed that targets agents that are writing software rather than humans engineers per se). Nowadays, AI can build and update production apps at a prodigious rate, even at the speed of conversation. But it can also make mistakes, and there's a risk that an update it creates might be "lossy" in the sense it causes some transformed data to be lost. Again, in this new world, it's both undesirable and impractical for everyone to have to have a systems admin team on-hand to detect lossy updates and roll them back, but Motoko provides a solution: it can detect new software updates are lossy before they are applied, reducing potentially catastrophic errors by AI to harmless coding retries.
— Software hosted on cloud engines is "serverless" but unlike traditional serverless software, directly it directly incorporates data through "orthogonal persistence." Another key purpose is simplify backend software logic and fuel the modeling power of AI by increasing abstraction (sorry for the technical language!!!). Put simply, this enables AI to produce more sophisticated backends, faster, and at dramatically lower costs, as measured by the number AI API tokens consumed during coding. (Tip for the technical: orthogonal persistence is a new paradigm where "the program is the database," and data lives inside program variables, which is possible because it's as if hosted software runs forever in persistent memory).
— An expanding database of skills at https://t.co/lloVYiGYs8 shall make it possible to develop and directly deploy apps and services to your cloud engines directly from Claude Code, Perplexity, Codex and other AI platforms. Further, your account on https://t.co/IfQrVovF3L can be connected, so that new apps and updates created through conversation automatically appear hosted from your cloud engine. In the future, R&D is going to be very seamless. You converse with AI, and your secure and unstoppable apps or services are created or updated. Cloud engines are designed to directly support this "self-writing cloud" future where we can work hands-free.
— Tech sovereignty is becoming a huge issue worldwide, with governments and corporations seeking to create sovereign tech stacks owing to geopolitical tensions. Increasingly, people are realizing that tech provided by foreign nations can come with hidden backdoors and kills switches, from the base platform, right up through hosted apps and services. ICP technology is open source, and those building on ICP using AI own their own source code. When you have the source code, you can verify that there are no backdoors, and when you own the source code thanks to AI, you can update it at will, freeing you from vendor lock-in. But cloud engines take sovereignty much further...
— You create a cloud engine by selecting the nodes that will be combined. You can choose the class of nodes used, and their number, but more importantly, you can choose who operates the nodes, and where they are located. Almost any configuration is possible, because the Internet Computer scales the security privileges afforded to hosted software within the network according to configuration (software hosted on cloud engines can directly interoperate with software on other engines and traditional subnets, but base restrictions are applied according to security rules). A cloud engine can be created within a region such as Europe, to comply with regs such as GDPR, or completely within a sovereign state like Switzerland or Pakistan. But cloud engines go further still...
— Sovereignty is also about freedom from vendor lock-in. Cloud engines are essentially ICP (Internet Computer Protocol) network configurations, and this means the underlying compute nodes they combine can be swapped out without interrupting their hosted apps and services. This is a big deal. In addition, cloud engines now support nodes that are instances running on Big Tech's clouds, in addition to nodes that are dedicated specialized hardware, as per the Gen I and Gen II nodes that dominate the Internet Computer today. For example, it is possible to have an engine running across different AWS data centers, say, and then reconfigure the engine to run across a mixture of AWS, Google, Azure and Hetzner for even more resilience, without the users of hosted apps and services noticing a thing. That's true freedom.
— Sovereign AI is becoming increasingly important too, and cloud engines allow special "AI nodes" to be added to them, so that hosted software can perform inference on hardware provisioned by the owner from a location the owner has selected. Even though the AI nodes are only accessible within the cloud engine, they can still benefit from the forthcoming Internet Intelligence Gateway (IG), which will make it possible to validate inference performed on key frontier open weights LLMs, even when the inference is performed on completely independent AI clouds. When the results of inference are received, this technology can verify that neither the prompt+context (input) nor the inference result (output) have been modified, and that the results were produced by the precise LLM expected. This ensures that AI clouds don't cheat by running inference on cheaper models than are being paid for, and bad actors aren't modifying the inputs or outputs to surreptitiously insert advertising into results, say, or change facts, or insert malware when code is being generated. What's super cool about this technology is the cost of the verification is scalable. A very valuable additional security can be achieved with only 1-2% of extra cost.
— Scaling apps and services when they hit capacity limits is another thorny problem that cloud engines help the world address. Engines make scaling possible without rewriting or reconfiguring software. The query workload capacity of hosted software can be horizontally scaled simply by adding new nodes to an engine, and nodes can also be added in geographical proximity to demand. Meanwhile, update workload capacity can first be scaled-up by swapping an engine's nodes out for the next class up, and then when no larger class of node is available, horizontally scaled-out by "splitting" the engine into two, which doubles available capacity. (Technical tip: horizontally scaling update capacity by splitting engines requires multi-canister architectures).
— For those who have been following how Caffeine builds apps that can efficiently store large numbers of files, I should mention that apps built on cloud engines will also support the new ICP Blob Storage cloud network (since cloud engines currently have up to about 3 TB of memory, which apps storing large amounts of files can easily exceed). We are also working on allowing blob storage nodes to be added to cloud engines, to enable sovereign mass blob storage within an engine, similarly to how AI nodes can be added currently.
— Lastly, but certainly not least, I should mention that cloud engines are multi-blockchain capable, and ready for digital assets, thanks to the clever math at their core. For example, an e-commerce service built on a cloud engine can securely accept and custody stablecoin payments, or a multi-chain DEX could be hosted. Further, engines can support software autonomy (software orchestrated and controlled by other autonomous software, in a decentralized way) and can themselves be orchestrated by SNS technology, and thus run autonomously too.
Today, though, the focus is on *mainstream* cloud. This year, the cloud industry will generate approximately one trillion dollars in revenue. That number is already huge, but is expected to grow to two trillion dollars by 2030.
After years of continuous development, which have seen more than $500m spent on R&D, the Internet Computer network is now tacking directly toward this mainstream cloud market with cloud engine technology.
In their first version, cloud engines are not meant to be a cloud panacea. For example, currently they are not ideal for working with big data. You should use something like DataBricks for that.
Cloud engines are carefully targeted at enabling AI to produce traditional online applications and services, including SaaS, in a safer and more productive way, which represents a new market segment with tremendous potential. Of course, DFINITY will continue to work relentlessly to push forward ICP's capabilities, so expect further developments.
It's worth mentioning that this cloud segment isn't just about creating new apps and services using AI, it's also about replacing legacy systems and apps built on super expensive SaaS services. Caffeine Labs is working to produce technology (Caffeine Snorkel) that can study an enterprise's legacy systems and app built on SaaS, create replacement systems and apps, and migrate the data, while supporting key stakeholders through the process over email and chat, with full automation. Thus the legacy systems and SaaS markets shall also be addressed by cloud engines.
Zooming out, and reasoning in a more metaphysical way, we believe, as we always have, that there is room for a new kind of cloud created by mathematical networks, that provides seminal advances in the fields of security and resilience, as well as true sovereignty and freedom from lock-in. That this same technology, with the help of additional technologies like orthogonal persistence and Motoko, enables AI to build for us without the need for so much oversight, and to create more backend sophistication while consuming fewer AI API tokens, enables ICP to bring game-changing advances to the world.
Cloud engines will work synergistically with the Intelligence Gateway, which will enable apps and services running on engines to seamlessly leverage AI, wherever that AI is running, while providing verifiability at extremely low cost for open weights frontier models.
We believe that cloud engines represent an inflection point in the storied history of the Internet Computer project, and I'm very proud to be sharing the details with you on the network's fifth birthday 💪
I'll be back with more news soon!!
Guys, @caffeineai is now just $14.99/month.
This includes daily credits to build and deploy apps, full-stack infrastructure (frontend + backend + hosting), and even your own custom domain to launch.
This isn’t just another chatbot.
It’s an AI app builder + hosting + infrastructure combined.
Now compare that to other AI platforms:
ChatGPT → ~$20/month
Claude → ~$20/month
Gemini → ~$20/month
These are powerful AI assistants, but they don’t handle deployment or hosting out of the box like @caffeineai.
@caffeineai is targeting something bigger:
building and launching real applications, not just chatting with AI.✊
If you’re serious about creating with AI, @caffeineai is one of the most interesting directions right now. ✊💯🚀
For more than 10 yrs, I've worked on "frontier compute." I've worked on this since the "world computer" vision was first mooted.
Nowadays, the terms "crypto," "web3" and "blockchain" are inextricably linked to speculative assets. But this is 1 niche application of the tech. 🧵
@meinmokhtar Aku umur 36 tahun pun tidur merata dkt rumah dr kecik. Mak abah nak buat bilik aku cakap tak payah bazir duit. Balik pun sebulan 2-3 malam. Cuti panjang munkin la 5-6mlm. Waktu lain2 siapa nak maintain?
Hey appreciate the thoughtful post, but need to clarify some points here.
Firstly, regarding ICP's dev community. Those using Caffeine — currently hundreds of thousands a month, and rising — are building apps too. People vibe coding, and people using self-writing, are all devs. This is a new paradigm.
In fact, scroll forward a year, and I doubt much code will be being written by humans outside specialized fields. Yesterday, I saw a very convincing Slack clone created for ICP using Claude Code (Rust backend, React frontend) by a semi-technical person without programming skills. It was only a few days work.
So we have to think about ICP as being a platform for agents too going forward. Furthermore, while some of those agents will be inside Claude Code or Caffeine, say, others will be independent agents working directly for users, such as OpenClaw instances.
If we keep on trucking, there will be millions of people building on ICP in a year thanks to AI. Building on ICP will give them a number of advantages I've covered elsewhere.
Secondly, onchain cloud compute costs should remain viable despite the increases, but it's important to realize that the NNS makes the Internet Computer adaptive, and should this prove not true, then it can make further adjustments iteratively.
Getting down to the current proposal to increase the cost of subnet memory from ~$5/GB a year to $12.5/GB a year...
(@SnassyIcp forgive me sometimes stating things you already know for the benefit of others following!)
That's for memory on a 13X subnet (i.e. a sub-blockchain with 13 nodes from different providers, in different data centers, in different geographies, etc, which is orchestrated and configured by the 50X NNS subnet, which hosts software that seamlessly integrates with software on every other subnet, etc etc)
Certainly, $12.5/GB is more expensive than Amazon Web Service's S3 storage at $0.28/GB per year BUT — comparing a "blob storage" service designed to remotely store static data likes files, with dynamic memory that app logic can directly read/write it at will, doesn't make sense.
Apps need to store the dynamic data — user accounts, details of objects like products, indexes, etc — in memory. Blob storage doesn't work for that.
If you build an e-commerce service on ICP, the details of your products, the organization of those products (e.g. categorization), user accounts, sales records, etc etc will all live in memory. You would only be able to put things like photos and videos of products into blob storage like S3, or the forthcoming ICP Blob Storage.
Unless the e-commerce service is Amazon, even if it is a pretty huge service, it will only need a few hundred MBs of memory to maintain that data. In practice, it will pay $10 or something a year — this is totally insignificant for most e-commerce scenarios.
Of course, in the above, I'm assuming that product videos and photos are stored on S3 or ICP Blob Storage.
Now, it's important to recognize, that hosting an app like an e-commerce service on ICP provides enormous benefits, and delivers enormous cost savings.
For example, your app is tamperproof, and doesn't need a traditional cybersecurity setup (and team) to protect it. Cost always has to be considered within the context of the benefits delivered.
In order to thrive, the Internet Computer has to target mass-market mainstream use cases (which is why with DFINITY 2.0 and Internet Computer 2.0 you can see things like cloud engines coming, in parallel to initiatives like Caffeine).
We have been making tremendous headway. In fact, we are the only blockchain that supports large numbers of users who don't care they are using a blockchain, and mostly don't even know. They are doing it because it's useful to build on the Internet Computer, not because there is some sucky speculative token incentive involved — it's the first major innovation in our industry since tokens (Bitcoin) and DeFi (Ethereum).
So hopefully, given the wider perspective, I hope this increase proves really insignificant for those building on ICP, while helping drive the tokenomics by taking us towards a more deflationary future.
Nb. on a separate note, for those that have followed this far, you should know that memory on other blockchains is tens of thousands of times more expensive that on ICP. Yes, you read that right!
They often make the ridiculous claim that you can still build apps on them because you can keep the app data on IPFS, or on something like Walrus (similar to ICP Blob Storage).
Their Pinocchio noses are growing in double time when they tell you this. Blob data on IPFS or Walrus cannot be dynamically processed by onchain app logic, because, in contrast to memory, it is stored remotely.
It's baseless that blob storage can support the creation of something like an onchain e-commerce service, where the app needs to enable the vendor to add/remove products dynamically, and record customer sales, and so on. For that you need memory.
Hope all this makes sense.
Help me get this out :)
* Yes, the Internet Computer IS a blockchain
* It has nothing to do with cloud (but, yes, smart contracts run at web speed, with unlimited capacity)
* Smart contracts will rule the world
* Not an "Ethereum-killer".
* Something new
Tick tock...
Men timeline:
Age 1-5: You cry for everything you want.
Age 6-10: You fight for everything you want.
Age 11-17: You lie about what you want becuz you don't know who you are.
Age 18-25: You chase what you want and damage yourself learning the cost.
Age 26-35: You build yourself so the world finally respects what you want.
Age 36-45: You protect what you built becuz now you understand how fragile it is.
Age 46-55: You pay for every mistake you thought you got away with.
Age 56-65: You stop pretending and value the few things that actually matter.
Age 66-75: You watch the world move on and realize legacy is louder than noise.
Age 76-Death: You face the truth
Life was never about the years you lived…..... it was about the man you dared to become.