In @ARKInvest’s view, stablecoins are monetary networks with effects that compound over time, thanks to trust, collateral utility, and integrations. The network effects of USDT and USDC have been powerful. @LorenzoARK explains convincingly why OUSD is unlikely to displace them.
The Internet's Settlement Layer Doesn't Get Disrupted by a Press Release.
@jerallaire laid it out with precision - and I want to add the builder's perspective from inside the @Arc ecosystem.
Everyone's talking about Open Standard and 140+ companies backing OUSD. Let me tell you what the data actually says, because stock tickers and Twitter hype are two very different things from onchain reality.
THE NUMBERS THAT MATTER
• @USDC processed $30 TRILLION in onchain transactions in Q1 2026 alone
• That's 80% of ALL dollar stablecoin volume. Not 30%. Not 50%. Eighty percent.
• 263% year-over-year growth in USDC transaction volume
• $77 billion in circulation with 28% YoY growth
• Top 3 most liquid digital asset globally - after BTC and USDT
These aren't projections. These are settled transactions. Real money moving through real infrastructure that took years to build.
STOCK PRICE ≠ NETWORK STRENGTH
Circle stock dropped ~70% from its June peak. Markets priced in fear of a consortium that hasn't shipped a single transaction yet.
But here's what markets missed:
• USDC's network effects compound with every new integration
• Thousands of applications already built on USDC rails
• Liquidity dispersed across dozens of platforms - not concentrated, not fragile
• The only large global stablecoin available in ALL of Europe AND Japan simultaneously
Stock markets price emotions. Networks measure fundamentals. USDC's fundamentals didn't flinch.
THE CONSORTIUM PROBLEM
140+ companies joining @openstandard is impressive optically. But Jeremy raised a point that deserves attention:
Consortiums have a historically dismal track record in shipping product.
• Revenue sharing sounds attractive until you realize it starves infrastructure investment
• "Everyone governs" often means nobody decides
• Circle tried consortium governance in USDC's early days - it created "endless challenges and complexity"
• Open USD hasn't launched yet. No chain announced. No regulatory clarity. No transaction processed.
Meanwhile USDC has been battle-tested through multiple market cycles, regulatory regimes, and technical stress events since 2018.
ARC L1: THE VERTICAL INTEGRATION PLAY
This is what most people are sleeping on.
@Circle isn't just issuing a stablecoin - they're building the entire settlement stack:
• Arc Network: Purpose-built L1 for stablecoin finance
• 244+ million testnet transactions processed
• $222 million raised in Q1 2026 presale at $3B valuation
• Backed by a16z, BlackRock, Goldman Sachs, Visa, ARK Invest, ICE
• Mainnet beta launching THIS summer
USDC on Arc isn't wrapped. It's not bridged. It's native. Zero friction settlement at the protocol level.
Open Standard is assembling a committee. Circle is shipping a chain.
THE REGULATORY MOAT
Today July 1, 2026 - is the MiCA full compliance deadline in Europe. Every stablecoin issuer must have full regulatory approval or face delisting.
USDC already has it. Globally licensed. EU-compliant. Japan-approved. GENIUS Act-ready.
OUSD? It doesn't exist yet. No regulatory pathway established. No compliance track record.
In institutional finance, compliance isn't a feature - it's table stakes. And USDC has been clearing that bar for years.
FROM THE ARC INDIA PERSPECTIVE
I am local leader- Arc House India Chapter - 1,250+ builders, operating in a market that processes 17 billion UPI transactions monthly with 800,000+ onchain developers.
What Indian builders need isn't another governance token or revenue-sharing pitch. They need:
• Battle-tested infrastructure that won't break under load
• Regulatory clarity that lets them ship product without legal ambiguity
• Native USDC settlement that works at India-scale throughput
• A chain purpose-built for payments, not retrofitted for them
Arc delivers this. USDC powers it. That's not speculation - that's architecture.
THE BIGGER PICTURE
Competition validates the thesis. 140+ companies didn't join Open Standard because stablecoins are failing - they joined because USDC proved the model works at $30 trillion quarterly volume.
This isn't USDC vs OUSD. This is the entire world waking up to what Circle has been building for 8 years.
The pie is expanding. And the builder with the deepest infrastructure, strongest network effects, tightest regulatory compliance, and a purpose-built L1 - isn't the one who should be worried.
They're the one everyone else is trying to catch.
Circle 🤝 Standard Chartered
@StanChart has launched institutional USDC minting and redemption through DIFC, becoming the first G-SIB to offer institutional access to USDC through a regulated banking channel.
A major milestone for institutional stablecoin adoption.
https://t.co/U18owEHWrm
We’ve had lots of questions from our investor community looking for thoughts on OUSD, and so I thought I’d share my direct views here for anyone.
Stablecoin networks are platform and network effect businesses that are established over a long period of time, tend towards winner-take-most market structures, and resemble other internet platform utility markets. There are several layers that drive this.
First, stablecoin networks effectively act as public protocols and software layers on the internet and their network strength is a matter of the number and range of applications and services that integrate to the network. Every time a developer or service provider integrates to the network, it brings more network effects. This attracts more developers and adds more utility and more network effects. This then drives demand for the digital currency itself, which then reinforces these network effects through liquidity network effects.
We have realized this at a massive scale with the USDC network today — thousands upon thousands of services integrate with our network, which in turn provides immense utility not just to each application, but to users as a whole who benefit massively from the reach and interoperability that exists. This drives user and developer preference further. We’ve invested in building that ecosystem over nearly a decade, and now it’s accelerating as mainstream institutions come onto the network, connecting their customers and users.
We add to that utility by building software stacks that further expand and strengthen the network — protocols like CCTP and Gateway, which promote interoperability, safety and liquidity around the world. This expands the target surface area for app builders and developers, making it easy for them to tap into the liquidity and network effects that already exist. We are now seeing that stack get pulled into all kinds of chains, permissioned L2s, networks being built by governments, and so much more.
The second layer is that of liquidity network effects. This is fundamental. Liquidity begets liquidity. For a stablecoin to achieve scale and utility, it needs to be highly liquid, both on a primary basis (e.g., through all the major financial market centers in the world, with world class direct banking liquidity) and on a secondary basis both by being available and tradeable for retail and institutional clients in every geography and against every fiat instrument in the world. People who want to access and move value need to be able to easily get in and out of that digital currency. Here, we’ve invested nearly a decade in building out that liquidity, and it is now entrenched in exchanges, DeFI venues, and with PSPs, payments firms, regional exchanges, and so many others. Establishing these liquidity network effects also involves building global regulatory infrastructure and ensuring that the stablecoin is available under various regimes around the world. Today, USDC is in the top 3 most liquid digital assets in the world, and it falls off sharply after that. BTC, USDT and USDC have extraordinary liquidity. The closest other dollar stables are like 10x smaller and that liquidity tends to be concentrated in promotional books in a single exchange, whereas USDC liquidity is dispersed widely across dozens and dozens of surfaces. Building this liquidity has been a nearly decade-long task that we continue.
A third layer of network strength comes from the deep integration with the policy and regulatory environment — in many cases, years of effort to build licensing (e.g., USDC is the only large global stablecoin currently available in all of Europe or Japan), and more regimes for stablecoins are coming online, with Circle leading the way in ensuring that USDC is officially recognized, registered, licensed and accepted in the most important markets in the world. On the back of this is the work of building global banking, reserve management and treasury and liquidity management that can operate this on a nearly 24/7 basis in markets and banking systems globally. This globalization effort is a massive investment that we have made over the years.
All of these investments by Circle and our global ecosystem of thousands of partners have delivered the net result of providing the world’s most trusted and available digital dollar infrastructure—a utility that any user, developer, or business can freely and easily tap into. And we do not intend to slow down.
All of this compounds and shows in the numbers. In Q1 2026, according to third-party analysts (Artemis) who track stablecoin adoption, USDC handled nearly $30T in onchain transactions, representing 80% of all dollar stablecoin transactions on blockchains. USDT handled the remaining 20% of transactions. All of the combined remaining dollar stablecoins handled a total of 0% of transactions (i.e., < 0.5%). While other stablecoins may have some circulation, most of that is through promotions and incentives, the actual usage is extremely limited—because of the extremely limited liquidity and network utility that exists for these coins.
But my thoughts on the competitive landscape are not just about the strength of our network—there are also considerations around any new initiative.
Several perspectives and positioning have been shared about how something like OUSD improves on something like USDC.
1) Free mint and burn. The argument suggests that existing stablecoins charge burn fees, and payments firms should not need to pay these (despite the fact that the entire payment industry is built on small bps fees on various ingress and egress points on their networks). There are structural market realities built around the fact that some stablecoins impose very large redemption fees and have limited redemption facilities – the impact of this is that stablecoins with strong redemption facilities, good liquidity and no fees become the offramp for their competitor stablecoins. It may seem easy to say one will offer unlimited and free redeems, however market reality likely forces other behavior. This can be addressed – and is addressed by Circle – through contractual mechanisms vs. a blanket fee exemption.
2) Everybody wins and shares. While this sounds good in principle, the reality of the market and market opportunity is quite different. Today, Circle shares the majority of its income with its distribution partners, and we continue to lean hard into expanding those partnerships with leading companies across every sector of the market. However, we also retain significant income that allows us to invest in the massive market infrastructure that makes this such a powerful and valuable utility for the world to build on. Giving away all the income is a recipe for starving an infrastructure, systematically underinvesting and ensuring that your platform will remain limited in scope.
Furthermore, Circle believes that the future stablecoin market is likely several orders of magnitude larger than it is today. We’re actively bringing partners into the USDC ecosystem through a diverse and growing set of partnership models that span our work with exchanges, custodians, payments firms, asset issuers and more. We are excited to continue to build with a “big tent mentality” where the entire ecosystem can grow value together.
3) A consortium where everybody has a voice. Perhaps I have a cynical view, but the track record of consortium products achieving scale, P/M Fit or even basic product agility is absolutely dismal, and while there are examples of financial consortia that operate utilities, they are predictably slow moving. Large groups of large companies coordinate poorly, have misaligned incentives, slow things down and rarely create the space for real durable innovation and competitiveness. They also typically, out of their own self-interest, starve the consortium itself on an operating basis. We actually tried this in the early days of USDC, and even with a very small group, ran into endless challenges and complexity. Smaller, tighter strategic collaborations and commercial partnership arrangements with product and platform builders that can drive forward independently will almost always outcompete large consortiums. But oftentimes when these get formed, everyone feels like they should put their logo on the list, kiss the ring, and make noise about openness. But typically those same firms will turn to their operating units and make the best decisions for their customers, which often means partnering with the market leader and building durable win-win partnerships.
There’s also been a bunch of commentary on Circle's partnership with Coinbase and what this all means. Our stablecoin partnership with Coinbase remains as strong as ever, and I think we both see that enormous opportunity ahead to expand the USDC network.
A final comment: Circle remains committed to supporting a wide range of different products and infrastructures, even when we might compete with different aspects of those partners’ products in other areas of our business. With OUSD, we work closely with many of the founding members, and we expect that those same members will remain large USDC partners and customers. At the same time, as Circle has diversified our product and platform stack, expanding across Arc, CCTP, CPN, StableFX, Agent Stack and many other areas, we continue to expand the partnerships and collaboration with many other stablecoin issuers — dozens of them — to help them launch on Arc, leverage our interoperability infrastructure, get supported in our Wallets and become settlement and FX options on CPN and StableFX.
We are huge believers in growth in the stablecoin ecosystem and welcome OUSD as a new member of the community!