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HIV is a challenging virus because it attacks our immune system and has ways of hiding inside our body’s cells.
Thanks to ART, people with HIV can live full, healthy lives.
THERE IS HOPE
Scientists are working hard on ways to cure HIV, but the virus’s ability to hide, mutate, and create store houses makes this very difficult.
Some new research focuses on finding ways to “wake up” the sleeping virus in reservoirs so it can be attacked.
Other research is exploring genetic treatments to make CD4 cells resistant to HIV.
THE ROLE OF ANTIRETROVIRALS (ART)
While HIV can’t be completely cured, there is a powerful treatment called antiretroviral therapy, or ART. ART works by blocking the virus from making more copies of itself.
It does NOT remove HIV from the body, but it can reduce the virus to very low levels.
People on ART can live long, healthy lives because the virus stays controlled and can’t destroy more CD4 cells.
- HIV CAN CHANGE QUICKLY
HIV has another tricky feature: it changes a lot.
Each time it makes new copies of itself, there’s a chance for small changes or “mutations.”
These changes help HIV adapt quickly, making it harder for medicines to keep up.
Even if a treatment works at first, HIV can mutate and become resistant, meaning the medicine will not work as well
- HIV’s SECRET HIDEOUTS IN THE BODY
Besides hiding in cells, HIV can create reservoirs, places in the body where it stays hidden in a “sleeping” state, like inside the lymph nodes, brain, and bone marrow.
In these reservoirs, the virus is not active, so it doesn’t make new viruses.
But if treatment stops or the immune system gets weak, these “sleeping” viruses can wake up and start reproducing again, allowing HIV to return.
WHY IS HIV SO HARD TO CURE?
- DNA HIDING TRICK
One of the biggest challenges with curing HIV is that it can “hide” by inserting its genetic material into the DNA of the CD4 cells it infects.
This means HIV is not always visible to the immune system or to treatments, as it becomes part of the infected cell’s own DNA.
As a result, even with powerful medication, the virus can stay hidden within the body’s cells, making it extremely tough to eliminate completely.
WHAT HAPPENS ONCE HIV ENTERS THE BODY?
When HIV enters the bloodstream, it looks for CD4 cells to attach itself to.
Once it finds one, it injects its own genetic material into the cell.
This process is like a “takeover,” where HIV turns the CD4 cell into a virus-making machine, creating new HIV particles.
These new HIV particles then find other CD4 cells to infect, spreading the virus through the immune system.
HOW DOES HIV ENTER THE BODY?
HIV spreads through specific body fluids
- blood
- semen
- vaginal fluids
- rectal fluids, and breast milk.
People usually get HIV through unprotected sex, sharing needles or syringes, or from an HIV-positive mother to her baby during childbirth or breastfeeding.
Please note that unlike a cold or the flu, HIV cannot spread through casual contact, like hugging or sharing food
WHAT IS HIV?
HIV stands for Human Immunodeficiency Virus.
It is a virus that attacks a key part of our immune system: CD4 cells, or “fighter cells.” These cells help defend us from germs and keep us healthy.
Without them, our body struggles to fight off illnesses. Over time, HIV weakens these fighter cells, which can lead to AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) if it is not treated.
WHY HIV HAS NO CURE YET
Have you ever wondered why HIV is so tough to beat?
This thread explains - in simple terms - how HIV infects the body and why it’s still so hard to cure.
A thread 🧵🧵
Police officers can simply tell people to go withdraw the money and bring it to the station, or assign an officer to follow them to the bank; Stopping POS from operating close to stations doesn't fix anything, and no-one will take that instruction seriously to begin with.