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#IchthyofaunaChecklist - Here, researchers report the results of an expedition to the northern section of the Serra do Divisor National Park (PNSD) in the Rio Juruรก basin, Acre State, Brazil, with the aim to increase knowledge of the ichthyofauna of a poorly known region whose protected status is currently under threat.
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The PNSD is situated in the far western portion of Brazil, in the state of Acre, on the watershed divide between the upper Rio Juruรก basin, in Brazil and the middle Rรญo Ucayali basin in Peru. The Rio Juruรก is one of the longest tributaries of the Amazon basin, and most of its headwaters originate in the Serra do Divisor, including the Rio Moa, the main tributary of Rio Juruรก in Acre. Surveys of the ichthyofauna of the PNSD were not conducted during the preparation of the management plan, and the fish diversity of this protected area remains largely unknown.
Ichthyofauna checklists and rapid assessments are important tools for biologists, researchers, conservationists, and government bodies/NGOs. They provide critical baselines for the conservation and management of regional fish fauna. Our understanding of species composition in a territory evolves due to species movements across borders, extinctions, introductions, and new taxonomic evidence.
๐ฅ๐ฒ๐๐ฒ๐ฎ๐ฟ๐ฐ๐ต ๐ง๐ถ๐๐น๐ฒ
Ichthyofauna of Serra do Divisor National Park, upper Rio Moa, Rio Juruรก basin, Acre State, Brazil
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Toledo-Piza, M., Giovannetti, V., Mathubara, K., Casas, A. L. da S., Mattox, G. M. T., & Jacรณ, T. R. F. (2026). Ichthyofauna of Serra do Divisor National Park, upper Rio Moa, Rio Juruรก basin, Acre State, Brazil. Biota Neotropica, 26(2), e20251837. https://t.co/lDTkAQwL3o
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The Serra do Divisor National Park (PNSD) is situated in the far western portion of Brazil, in the state of Acre, on the watershed divide between the upper Rio Juruรก basin, in Brazil and the middle Rรญo Ucayali basin in Peru. The Rio Juruรก is one of the longest tributaries of the Amazon basin, and most of its headwaters originate in the Serra do Divisor, including the Rio Moa, the main tributary of Rio Juruรก in Acre. Surveys of the ichthyofauna of the PNSD were not conducted during the preparation of the management plan, and the fish diversity of this protected area remains largely unknown.
Here, we report the results of an expedition to the northern section of the PNSD, aiming to increase knowledge of the ichthyofauna of a poorly known region whose protected status is currently under threat. Seventeen localities in the upper Rio Moa drainage, in the surroundings of the region known as Pรฉ da Serra (between 73ยฐ38โ04.7โ W and 73ยฐ44โ52.7โ W, and 07ยฐ26โ52.2โ S and 07ยฐ32โ 14.7โ S), were sampled using hand nets and beach seines. Sampling was conducted at sites along the Rio Moa, its tributaries, and adjacent lakes.
A total of 3,504 specimens were collected, representing 103 species in 89 genera and 27 families across seven orders. The Characiformes (52 species) and Siluriformes (32 species) were the most diverse orders, followed by the Gymnotiformes (8 species), Cichliformes (8 species), Batrachoidiformes (1 species), Cyprinodontiformes (1 species), and Synbranchiformes (1 species). Species of Characiformes, Siluriformes, and Cichliformes were found in all three sampled environments. Gymnotiformes and Batrachoidiformes were not recorded from lakes, and species of Synbranchiformes and Cyprinodontiformes were found exclusively in tributaries of the Rio Moa. Six species represent new records for Brazilian drainages, 13 for the Rio Juruรก drainage, and 30 for the Rio Moa.
The identification of 43 species requires additional, more detailed studies. For most species, information on the variation of diagnostic characters is provided, which, together with images of selected specimens, is intended to serve as a basis for future studies of the ichthyofauna of the PNSD.
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Top left - Species of Characiformes: Anostomidae (a,b), Acestrorhamphidae (cโr), and Characidae (sโx) from the upper Rio Moa drainage at Serra do Divisor National Park, Acre, Brazil: a) ๐ฟ๐๐๐๐๐๐๐ข๐ ๐๐. ๐๐ฆ๐๐๐๐๐๐๐๐๐๐๐๐ , 100.4 mm SL; b) ๐๐โ๐๐ง๐๐๐๐ ๐๐๐ ๐๐๐๐ก๐ข๐ , 230.9 mm SL; c) ๐ด๐ ๐ก๐ฆ๐๐๐๐๐๐๐ข๐ ๐ ๐., 63.9 mm SL; d) ๐ด๐ ๐ก๐ฆ๐๐๐๐ฅ ๐๐๐๐๐๐ข๐๐๐ก๐ข๐ species group, 63.2 mm SL; e) ๐ต๐๐๐๐ ๐๐๐๐๐๐๐๐๐๐ , 71 mm SL; f) ๐ต๐๐๐๐ ๐ ๐ก๐๐๐๐๐๐โ๐๐๐๐ female, 77.3 mm SL; g) ๐ต๐๐๐๐ ๐ ๐ก๐๐๐๐๐๐โ๐๐๐๐ male, 87.8 mm SL; h) ๐ถ๐ก๐๐๐๐๐๐ฆ๐๐๐ ๐ ๐๐๐๐ข๐๐ข๐ , 37.2 mm SL; i) ๐บ๐ฆ๐๐๐๐๐๐๐ฆ๐๐๐ข๐ ๐กโ๐๐ฆ๐๐๐, 43 mm SL; j) ๐ป๐๐๐๐๐๐๐๐๐ข๐ ๐ ๐., 27.4 mm SL; k) ๐ป๐๐๐๐๐๐๐ ๐ก๐๐ ๐๐๐๐๐๐๐๐๐๐ species group, 26.6 mm SL; l) ๐ฝ๐ข๐๐๐๐๐ ๐๐ ๐ฆ๐๐๐๐ก๐๐๐๐, 41.3 mm SL; m) ๐๐๐๐๐โ๐๐ข๐ ๐๐ ๐๐๐โ๐๐๐ข๐๐, 41.4 mm SL; n) ๐๐๐๐๐โ๐๐ข๐ ๐๐ โ๐๐ ๐๐๐๐๐, 49.8 mm SL; o) ๐๐๐๐๐โ๐๐ข๐ ๐๐ ๐๐๐ก๐๐๐๐๐๐๐, 29.2 mm SL; p) ๐๐๐๐๐โ๐๐ข๐ ๐๐ ๐๐. ๐๐๐ก๐๐๐ข๐๐ ๐๐, 54.2 mm SL; q) ๐๐๐๐๐โ๐๐ข๐ ๐๐ ๐ ๐., 40.4 mm SL; r) ๐ ๐๐๐๐๐๐ง๐๐๐๐ ๐๐๐ค๐๐๐๐๐, 45 mm SL; s) ๐ด๐โ๐ฆ๐๐โ๐๐๐๐ฅ ๐ ๐., 35.3 mm SL; t) ๐ฟ๐๐๐ก๐๐๐๐๐๐๐ก๐๐ ๐ ๐ก๐๐๐๐๐๐โ๐๐๐๐, 9.2 mm SL; u) ๐๐๐๐๐๐ ๐โ๐๐๐๐๐๐ฆ๐๐๐ ๐๐๐๐ ๐๐๐๐, 27.4 mm SL; v) ๐๐๐๐๐ก๐๐ ๐ก๐๐๐๐ ๐๐. ๐๐ข๐๐๐ก๐๐ฃ๐, 33.4 mm SL; w) ๐๐๐๐๐๐๐๐๐๐ก๐๐ ๐๐๐๐ข๐๐๐ข๐ , 72.5 mm SL; x) ๐โ๐๐๐๐๐๐๐๐ ๐ก๐๐ ๐๐๐๐๐๐ก๐๐๐๐ , 40.1 mm SL.
Top right - Species of Gymnotiformes: Apteronotidae (aโc), Gymnotidae (d), Rhamphichthyidae (e, f); Sternopygidae (g, h); and Siluriformes: Aspredinidae (iโl), Callichthyidae (mโo), Cetopsidae (p, q), Heptapteridae (rโu), Loricariidae (vโx) from the upper Rio Moa drainage at Serra do Divisor National Park, Acre, Brazil: a) ๐ด๐๐ก๐๐๐๐๐๐ก๐ข๐ ๐๐๐๐๐๐๐๐๐ species group, 188.6 mm SL; b) ๐๐๐๐ก๐ฆ๐ข๐๐๐ ๐ก๐๐๐๐๐๐โ๐ข๐ ๐๐๐๐๐๐ ๐ก๐๐๐ Gรผnther, 226 mm SL; c) ๐๐ก๐๐๐๐๐๐โ๐๐โ๐ฆ๐๐โ๐ข๐ ๐ ๐., 132.9 mm SL; d) ๐บ๐ฆ๐๐๐๐ก๐ข๐ ๐๐๐๐ก๐๐ ๐ species group, 99.6 mm TL; e) ๐บ๐ฆ๐๐๐๐โ๐๐๐โ๐๐โโ๐ก๐ฆ๐ ๐๐๐๐๐๐๐, 142 mm TL; f) ๐ป๐ฆ๐๐๐๐ฆ๐๐ข๐ ๐๐๐๐ก๐ข๐๐ข๐ , 64.2 mm TL; g) ๐ธ๐๐๐๐๐๐๐๐๐๐ ๐ก๐๐๐๐๐๐๐๐ก๐ species group, 112 mm TL; h) ๐๐ก๐๐๐๐๐๐ฆ๐๐ข๐ ๐๐๐๐๐ข๐๐ข๐ , 67.8 mm TL; i, j) ๐ด๐๐๐๐๐๐๐ โ๐ฆ๐๐ ๐๐ข๐๐, 88.8 mm SL, dorsal and lateral views; k, l) ๐๐ก๐๐๐๐๐ข๐๐๐๐๐โ๐๐๐ข๐ ๐๐๐๐๐๐ ๐ ๐ข๐ , 89.2 mm SL, dorsal and lateral views; m, n, o) ๐๐๐๐๐๐๐โ๐๐ ๐กโ๐๐๐๐๐๐ก๐, 132.2 mm SL, lateral, ventral and dorsal views; p) ๐ท๐๐๐ก๐๐๐๐ก๐๐๐ ๐๐ ๐ ๐๐๐ข๐๐ก๐, 27.4 mm SL; q) ๐ป๐๐๐๐๐๐๐๐ ๐๐๐๐๐๐๐๐ก๐ข๐ , 62.2 mm SL; r, s) ๐๐๐๐๐๐๐๐ข๐ ๐๐. ๐๐๐๐๐๐๐๐๐๐, 36.5 mm SL, lateral and dorsal views; t) ๐๐๐๐๐๐๐๐๐๐๐ ๐ ๐. 1, 83.4 mm SL; u) ๐๐๐๐๐๐๐๐๐๐๐ ๐ ๐. 2, 66.6 mm SL; v, w, x) ๐ด๐๐๐๐ ๐ก๐๐ข๐ ๐ ๐., 35.4 mm SL, lateral, dorsal and ventral views.
Bottom left - Species of Siluriformes: Loricariidae (cont.) from the upper Rio Moa drainage at Serra do Divisor National Park, Acre, Brazil: a, b, c) ๐น๐๐๐๐๐ค๐๐๐๐ ๐ ๐๐๐กโ๐, 162 mm SL, lateral, ventral and dorsal views; d, e, f) ๐ป๐๐๐๐๐๐๐๐ก๐๐โ๐กโ๐ฆ๐ ๐๐๐๐๐๐๐ ๐๐๐๐๐ข๐ , 53.1 mm SL, lateral, ventral and dorsal views; g, h, i) ๐ป๐ฆ๐๐๐ ๐ก๐๐๐ข๐ ๐๐๐โ๐๐๐๐๐๐, 82.5 mm SL, lateral, ventral and dorsal views; j) ๐ฟ๐๐๐๐๐ก๐๐โ๐กโ๐ฆ๐ ๐๐๐๐๐๐๐๐ก๐๐ ๐ข๐ , 193.5 mm SL; k, l, m) ๐ฟ๐๐ ๐๐๐๐๐๐ ๐ก๐๐ข๐ ๐ ๐โ๐๐๐๐ข๐๐๐๐๐, 73.9 mm SL; lateral, ventral and dorsal views; n) ๐ฟ๐๐๐๐ก๐ข๐๐๐โ๐กโ๐ฆ๐ ๐๐. ๐๐๐๐ ๐๐ข๐ , 155.3 mm SL; o, p, q) ๐ฟ๐๐๐๐๐๐๐๐ ๐ ๐., 205.3 mm SL, lateral, dorsal and ventral views; r, s, t) ๐๐๐๐๐๐๐๐ข๐ ๐ ๐., 48 mm SL; lateral, dorsal and ventral views; u, v, w) ๐๐ก๐ข๐๐๐ ๐๐๐ ๐ ๐., 214.3 mm SL; lateral, dorsal and ventral views.
Bottom right - Study area and sampling sites in the region of the upper Rio Moa, Serra do Divisor National Park, Acre, Brazil. a ) Rio Moa, Cachoeira do Pedernal (second rapids above ICMBio base at Pรฉ da Serra; site 4); b ) Igarapรฉ Cabo Vitor (site 1); c ) Rio Moa, at confluence with Igarapรฉ Cabo Vitor (site 2); d ) Rio Moa, Cachoeirinha (first rapids above ICMBio base at Pรฉ da Serra); e ) Igarapรฉ Ramรณn (site 6); f ) Rio Moa, left margin, in front of ICMBio base at Pรฉ da Serra (sites 5 and 14); g ) Rio Moa, just downstream of Cachoeirinha (first rapids above ICMBio base at Pรฉ da Serra; site 9); h ) Rio Moa, right margin, rocky beach, below Cachoeirinha (first rapids above ICMBio base at Pรฉ da Serra; site 10).
ยฉ 2026 the Author(s). Published in the journal Biota Neotropica. An open access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY-4.0) licence. https://t.co/5IYEkz4Rwi
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