#WarsoftheRoses
OTD in 1484 - #RichardIII wrote to his mother Cecily Neville, Dowager Duchess of York, requesting that she remove William Collingbourne as her estate manager in Wiltshire & replace him with Francis Lovell. Collingbourne is most famous for his ‘Cat,Rat & Lovell our dog’ lampoon, but was also guilty of more serious crimes, including inciting invasion from Henry Tudor & treasonable correspondence with the French.
In July 1484 Collingbourne hung his lampoon - ‘The Cat, The Rat & Lovell our dog; Rule all England under a Hog’ - from the doors of St Paul’s Cathedral. It was intended as an attack on Richard III, whose personal badge was a white boar, the hog in the rhyme, for over-reliance on this group of relatively lowborn councillors. The cat was Sir William Catesby, former lawyer to William Hastings & Commons speaker in the 1484 Parliament. The rat was Sir Richard Ratcliffe, a Cumbrian knight & longstanding retainer of Richard while he was Duke of Gloucester. ‘Lovell our dog’ was Richard’s best friend Viscount Francis Lovell.
The lampoon was a distortion & deliberately did not mention the prominent nobles & clerics, who played leading roles in Richard’s government. These included the Bishop of Lincoln, John Russell, who served as Lord Privy Seal & Lord Chancellor until the end of July 1485. Russell was likely either the author of the Croyland Chronicle or its principal source.
Also not mentioned was John Howard, Duke of Norfolk, a key lieutenant & loyalist, who dealt with the July 1483 plot against Richard, helped counter Buckingham’s rebellion & died leading the Ricardian vanguard at Bosworth. Thomas, Lord Stanley, who had been elevated to the Garter by Richard & played a prominent role in suppressing Buckingham’s rebellion, was another omission. Although with an added irony Norfolk & Stanley were among the judges who convicted Collingbourne of treason in December 1484.
The lampoon was likely motivated by Collingbourne’s anger at Richard having him replaced by Lovell in Wiltshire. This followed Collingbourne’s complicity in Buckingham’s Rebellion the previous autumn. Other men might have considered themselves fortunate to only lose their office holdings rather than their life, but not Collingbourne who responded within weeks with his lampoon ridiculing Richard & attacking the man who had replaced him in Wiltshire ‘Lovell our dog.’
Incendiary rhymes aside the main motivation for Collingbourne’s conviction for treason & execution in December 1484 was him having incited Henry Tudor to invade England. He was found guilty of having commissioned an intermediary Thomas Yate ‘to declare unto [Henry Tudor & the Marquess of Dorset] that they should do very well to return into England with all such power as they might get before the feast of St Luke the Evangelist [18 October.]’
Richard spent the summer of 1484 at Scarborough patrolling the English coast to deter an invasion which never materialised - likely the one Collingbourne had been attempting to incite. Collingbourne was also convicted of treasonous correspondence urging the new King of France not to engage in negotiations with Richard & warning him of Richard’s future intention to invade France.
I’m reposting @RichardIIIGhost’s content below, which features a fun graphical representation of Collingbourne’s lampoon.
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