Did autodidacts found Western Culture?
The first occurrence of the word "autodidact" (αὐτοδίδακτος) is in Homer's Odyssey.
It's book 22, Odysseus has just slaughtered the suitors.
The bard Phemius "who sang for them under compulsion," emerges from hiding to plead for his life.
He makes his case while holding Odysseus by the knees (suppliant style).
His claim to be "self taught" is not a plea for pity ("I couldn't afford an MFA degree!") but rather a suggestion of his divine inspiration.
Telemachus turns to his dad, and backs up Phemius "Leave the bard be, he's one of the good ones".
Phemius lives.
Before universities and degree programs and schools, artists (and intellectuals) were credentialed on competence alone.
You could tell if the Muse was with them or not.
"The presence of the gods gives us bodily health, virtue of soul, purity of intellect, and, to speak simply, the elevation of everything in us to its proper principles. The presence of the gods destroys what is frigid and destructive in us, increases the vital heat, and makes it stronger and more dominant. It makes everything in us measure itself again by soul and by intellect. It makes our own light shine with intelligible harmony, and through the bodily eyes it displays to the eyes of the soul what is not bodily as though it were so."
- Iamblichus, On the Mysteries
"Myth is always a memory assemblage … memory is inseparable from myth." José Antonio Magalhães, Index and nomos: A juridico-political contribution to speculative realism https://t.co/WnTB6HRdh6
@Andercot My man vast amounts of violence was involved. Mostly perpetrated by Christians against the pagans. Charlemagne killed 5,000 Saxons at one sitting
Nah, this is how Christianity took over the Roman Empire:
341 AD – Sacrifices forbidden, temples not to be visited.
356 AD – Sacrifice declared a capital crime.
381 AD – Sacrifices forbidden, but temples could be maintained as buildings.
391 AD – Public sacrifices, visiting temples, and keeping household idols forbidden.
392 AD – Comprehensive prohibition: sacrifices, incense burning, garlands, any form of worship at shrines or images outlawed.
399 AD – Pagan temples to be closed, images removed, cult objects destroyed, but structures preserved for public use.
408 AD – Any pagan sacrifices or worship considered sacrilegium (high crime).
423 AD – “Pagans” explicitly named as criminals; though if they repent, they may be spared punishment.
438 AD – Codex Theodosianus compiled, preserving all prior anti-pagan legislation.
529 AD – Forbids all pagan cults, astrology, divination, sacrifices; pagans excluded from public office and military service. Novellae 37, 45, 146 – Explicitly ban pagan teaching, rites, and gatherings; pagans not allowed to inherit unless they convert.
529–534 AD – Closure of the Platonic Academy in Athens (often dated 529), ending formal pagan philosophy schools. Paganism declared outright illegal; practitioners faced confiscation of property, exile, or worse.
You didn’t win over the competition. You outlawed it because you couldn’t win them over by argument alone.
Standing before the impressive reconstruction of the #Colossus of #Constantine the Great, a statue that originally stood over 12 meters (40 feet) tall and dominated the Basilica of Maxentius in the #Roman Forum.
A unique window into Late Antiquity, 4th century AD.
Stane Street is the modern name of the 91 km-long Roman road in southern England that linked Londinium (London) to Noviomagus Reginorum (Chichester). This is view southwestwards along Mill Lane to the northeast of Halnaker
[📷 Glenn Foster]
Archaeologists discovered 1,700-year-old Greco-Roman statues in Israel. One of the statues was identified by a Greek inscription bearing the name "Lycurgus." One small correction for the archaeologists: Lycurgus was not the founder of Sparta but its Lawgiver. This is huge.
in enneads i.6.2, plotinus argues that the soul recognises beauty because it is akin (συγγενές) to intelligible reality; beauty thus operates not merely as a sensory object but as a catalyst for the soul’s reawakening to its participation in the intelligible order.