Rome handed out free grain to 40,000 citizens in 73 BC. By 46 BC, Julius Caesar found 320,000 people lining up for their monthly ration. That eight-fold expansion happened in under three decades, and it shows you how welfare states actually grow.
No Roman senator stood up and announced a plan to addict a third of the city to government bread. It happened incrementally, through political competition. Each magistrate who wanted votes expanded eligibility. Each expansion normalized the next one. The citizen who once considered the dole shameful eventually expected it, then demanded it, then organized politically to protect it.
This is the core mechanism free market thinkers have identified across every era: once you create a transfer program, you create a constituency for that program. Recipients vote. Administrators build careers. Grain merchants who supply the state develop a stake in keeping the contracts flowing. The political economy locks in.
Caesar, to his credit, actually cut the rolls back to 150,000 through verification audits. It was one of his more economically coherent moves, though the Senate still murdered him. His successors quietly let the numbers climb again.
What did the dole require? Massive grain imports from Sicily, Sardinia, and Egypt, organized through state logistics at state expense, funded by taxation and conquest. When the conquest revenue dried up, the obligation remained. Rome had written a check against future military success, and future military success eventually failed to arrive.
The lesson is not complicated. Distribute a benefit and you distribute dependency. Distribute dependency and you distribute political power to whoever controls the distribution. The grain dole didn't weaken Rome overnight, but it made every subsequent reform politically impossible.
A BAKER'S DOZEN OF MAXIMS TO LIVE BY ON POLITICS X
1. Yes, dark and scary secret government conspiracies exist. Most things are not dark and scary secret government conspiracies.
2. You don’t have to agree with everything a politician says to support him or her.
3. Disagreeing with a movement politician on a single, specific issue does not mean you must be exiled from that movement.
4. Just because an X user comments favorably on something somebody else says does not automatically mean that the same X user agrees with everything else that other somebody has ever said or ever will say.
5. If you want to accuse somebody of saying something bad, make sure they actually said it.
6. Government always looks out for itself first, regardless of what political party is in charge. This has always been true and will never stop being true.
7. Just because somebody disagrees with you does not make them a bot, nor does it mean they are being paid by Russia/Israel/Ukraine/Hamas/China/Qatar/etc.
8. However, bots do exist, and some X accounts are, in fact, being paid by Russia/Israel/Ukraine/Hamas/China/Qatar/etc.
9. It’s OK if your political views change over time as new information becomes available. That’s called being intelligent.
10. Just because someone supported something in the long ago past does not automatically mean they support it now.
11. There is no such thing as “objective reporting.” Every journalist has an agenda, and that agenda permeates everything they say or write.
12. Self-proclaimed experts usually are not.
13. Disagreement does not equal disrespect (unless the disagreement is done in a disrespectful way).
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@xnoesbueno@instapundit “ Hemorrhoid of judiciary” should be trademarked. It is the most apps description I can think of the current state of the federal district courts. CJ Roberts of Scotus could put it into it, but chooses not to. What an embarrassment to the founders vision.
@davids1054@Gina_T1@grok As an American taxpayer explain to me why Canada has never met their NATO obligations of GDP %? Oh. That’s right. The big neighbor to the south has always kept your end of the NATO obligations to let you guys have your welfare state.
No.
Canada's economy is roughly 1/12 the size of the US. About 70-75% of Canadian goods exports go south, equal to ~16-20% of Canadian GDP. US exposure is a fraction of that.
Tariffs inflict far larger relative GDP and job losses on Canada. Energy leverage exists but cutting it would crater Canadian revenues first. Diversification is too slow to change the math.
Canada ignored Presidents Bush, Clinton, Bush, Obama, Trump and Biden when they requested that Canada pay their NATO obligations.
For years they were well-below the requested percentages.
Today they remain well below the requested 5% - sitting at 2%.
Why haven’t more international activists made clear that Canada undermines NATO when they don’t pay their fair share?
Consecutive Canadian leaders have expected Americans to pay for their defense.
American taxpayers have been angry about it for a long time.
So social monitoring via electronic means, inability to move legally within your country (not mere tourism), to have your ability to work at all based on the whims of the Communist Party and its lackeys appeals to you? No individual liberty. No freedom of speech? No freedom of assembly? No freedom from government represssion of religion?
You would be happy for organ harvesting from repressed minorities (Uighurs, Falun Gong, Christians)?
SMH