周涛

[Valeriy M., PhD, MBA, CQF @predict_addict]

Sorting data is expensive. Binning data is free.

The bottleneck in traditional Decision Trees is finding the best split. To find a split on a continuous variable, you typically have to sort the entire column (O(NlogN)). Do that for every feature, at every node, and your CPU screams.

In Mastering CatBoost, I break down how we solve this using Quantization.

CatBoost doesn't see "3.14159". It sees "Bin #4". By converting continuous floats into integer bins (quantization) before training starts, we transform the split-finding process from a sorting problem into a histogram aggregation problem.

This is why CatBoost scales to millions of rows effortlessly. We aren't calculating splits on raw data; we are calculating them on highly optimized, pre-computed integers.

Hardware-aware ML is the future.

https://t.co/CkduTSNbm0

https://t.co/O2PSO8S8G9

#BigData #Algorithms #ComputerScience #CatBoost #Performance

[GitHubDaily @GitHub_Daily]

在 GitHub 上发现一个开源的学习工具：Get It，可帮助我们通过多种方式深度学习 PDF 文件内容。

自动在 PDF 文件上标注关键概念，还可转化为 3D 模型、动画演示、公式推导等可视化内容，同时生成一张知识图谱。

GitHub：https://t.co/wm6Zd28FnD

内置四种工具：对话问答、闪卡记忆、选择题测验，还有一个「费曼模式」让我们反过来教 AI。

每次练习结束，系统会从记忆、理解、结构、应用四个维度给每个概念打分，分数只升不降，能直观看到自己的进步。

工具可直接用 ChatGPT 账号驱动，所有数据都存在本地，不上传任何服务器。

支持 macOS、Windows 和 Linux，适合经常通过 PDF 文件学习的同学使用。

[Office of Nuclear Energy | US Department of Energy @GovNuclear]

3 ways nuclear energy is lot more flexible than you might think.

[Octar Ruga @OctarRuga]

‼️🇷🇺 L'arrivée des premiers "Su-34M/R" en version de reconnaissance avec nacelles "Sytch" va rapidement accroître l'efficacité du circuit de reconnaissance-frappe 🇷🇺, malgré un groupement satellitaire encore limité ("Lotus-S1", "Obzor-R", "Pion-NKS")💤

Contrairement au "Tu-214R", les "Su-34R" sont plus rapides de 1,5 fois pour arriver sur zone, et leur production en série est massive, ce qui rend l'adaptation des nacelles "Sytch" bien plus facile et moins coûteuse que la construction de nouveaux "Tu-214R"

Mais le plus important réside dans les paramètres tactiques et techniques de ces systèmes de conteneurs.

▫️ UKR-OE (optronique) : équipé de capteurs multispectraux longue focale, il assure la détection et l'identification de cibles jour et nuit, même en environnement brouillé. À plus de 10 km d'altitude et par beau temps, la portée de détection dépasse 100 km.

▫️ UKR-RL (radar) : doté du radar latéral à synthèse d'ouverture "Pika-M", il détecte des chars jusqu'à 150 km (identification à 100–120 km) et des colonnes de chars au-delà de 200 km. Il fonctionne également en mode détection de cibles mobiles (GMTI). Les coordonnées sont transmises aux systèmes "Tornado-S" et aux drones kamikazes.

▫️ UKR-RT (radiotechnique) : équipé de réseaux interférométriques passifs à balayage électronique, il peut détecter et identifier les radars adverses en émission ("Patriot" AN/MPQ-65A, "TRML-4D", radars 🇮🇱 "RADA") jusqu'à 460–500 km. Il transmet ensuite la désignation d'objectif aux systèmes "Iskander-M" ou aux missiles "Zirkon".
@Warhronika

[VERTEX @vasilyaarkhipov]

Is the Su-57's Radar Already One Generation Behind? 🤯

Many analysts argue that the N036 Belka's architecture is older than the latest AESA designs emerging in the West and Asia 🤯

-N036 Belka AESA is powerful, but not necessarily cutting-edge.

-It uses a planar array antenna architecture, an older approach compared to newer wideband AESA designs
-Modern AESAs such as Uttam/virupaksha use more advanced antenna technologies offering wider frequency coverage
-wider bandwidth generally improves EW performance, SAR imaging quality, and resistance to jamming
-contrary to popular myths, the Su-57 is NOT blind to EW-threats. russian engineers compensate through multiple radar arrays, sensor fusion, and L-band side arrays.

Look, my real question isn't whether Belka works, we know, it clearly does. my questions is, whether its architecture can match the latest Western and emerging Asian AESA designs (PLAAF/Western/USAF ones)

What do you think? 👀🤔

[高军 @GoJun315]

一位资深的谷歌工程师悄悄发布一份 421 页的文档，在国内没看到什么人分享。

它叫《Agentic Design Patterns》，完全免费，比花几百块购买的 AI 课程可能都要好。

这是一份颇为全面系统性的 AI 构建指南，而且全程带代码，可直接用于生产环境。

链接：https://t.co/PHM1Bot6IH

[La souris @La_souris_DA]

[Soyouz-5] Etude d'impact écologique.
Un plan d'un étage
Une description de celui-ci
Nombre minimum de fragments: 3.
Longueur : 38,303 m.
2 types de coiffes avec les données techniques
Un diamètre de 4,11 m (374OD61)
Un diamètre de 5,2 m (374OD62)

[Michaël Mangeon @Mangeon4]

🇫🇷Carte du jour

Voici une carte des sites envisagés pour l’implantation de centrales nucléaires en France en novembre 1974, réalisée par Teva Meyer et publiée dans notre article de la RGN sur le choix des sites nucléaires :

https://t.co/A9eNTSjLZa

[Math Files @Math_files]

The shortest mathematical paper ever published is just two words long.

Written by John Conway and Alexander Soifer of Princeton University, it appeared in "The American Mathematical Monthly" in 2005.

The entire paper simply read: “n² + 2.”

Initially submitted in 2004, it was rejected for being “too short,” but the authors refused to add anything more. Their goal? To publish the shortest paper ever—and they succeeded.

[Brilliant Maps @BrilliantMaps]

Declassified 2002 Kurdish Areas Map Created By The CIA

This 2002 “Kurdish-Inhabited Area” map is a classic example of early post-Iraq War CIA and military-intelligence cartography focused on ethnicity, insurgency, and regional geopolitics.

A few notable things about it:

It depicts the Kurdish population as a cross-border ethnic region spanning southeastern Turkey, northern Iraq, northwestern Iran, and northeastern Syria emphasizing that the Kurdish issue is inherently transnational rather than confined to one state.

The shaded area is intentionally fuzzy rather than sharply bounded, reflecting the mixed and dispersed nature of Kurdish settlement patterns.

Major Kurdish cities and political centers are highlighted, including Diyarbakir in Turkey, Arbil/Erbil and Sulaymaniyah in Iraq, and Mahabad in Iran, all historically important to Kurdish nationalism.

The map predates many later developments:

- the 2003 Iraq War,
- the consolidation of the Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG),
- the Syrian Civil War and Rojava,
- and ISIS-era Kurdish territorial expansion.
I
raq’s Kurdish region is shown before the later de facto autonomy became firmly institutionalized under the Iraqi constitution.

Syria’s Kurdish regions appear comparatively small and fragmented on this map, which contrasts with how strategically important they became after 2011.

The map also reflects the geopolitical sensitivities of the time:

Turkey is shown containing the largest Kurdish population, but the map avoids implying an independent Kurdistan by using the softer phrase “Kurdish-inhabited area” instead of drawing political borders.

More Declassified 2000s CIA Maps: https://t.co/crnztsV79g

[ACLED @ACLEDINFO]

#Ukraine struck three Russian shadow fleet vessels in Turkey’s exclusive economic zone this week. All three ships belong to the Russian #shadowfleet, which transports Russian oil under the flags of third states to evade sanctions. Full monitor update: https://t.co/3VCgY0tS6q

[NewRulesGeopolitics @NewRulesGeo]

🚨🇷🇺🇺🇦 NATO'S NIGHTMARE: RUSSIA'S NEW BANDEROL MISSILE OVERWHELM UKRAINE'S FRAGILE DEFENSES

Russia has intensified its attacks on Kharkov region, with at least three strikes on June 3 using Banderol “S8000” missiles— a low-cost hybrid system that Western export controls and sanctions were meant to starve but it fueled instead.

🔸 The Banderol delivers up to 500 km range with a ~150 kg warhead powered by a Chinese Swiwin SW800Pro turbojet engine — a sanction-evading standoff weapon built for mass production.

🔸 It launches primarily from the Kronshtadt Orion UAV (with adaptation for Mi-28 helicopters), using pop-out wings and superior agility compared to heavier missiles like the Kh-101 or Kalibr.

🔸 Its cheap, easy-to-manufacture design allows Russia to overwhelm air defenses while conserving expensive munitions, blurring the line between drones and cruise missiles.

🔸 The new threat forces Ukraine to adapt to tighter maneuvers and extended reach, exposing gaps in air defense coverage and the limits of Western sanctions enforcement.

Do you think NATO can catch up to Russia in missile technology?

[老杨啊 @yhslgg]

有人用 AI 把《史记》57万字变成了一个可以搜索、跳转、推理的知识图谱
兄弟们，今天看到一个让我直接愣住的开源项目——史记知识库，GitHub 1300 星。

一句话：有人用 AI 把《史记》57万字全部拆解标注，做成了一个可以交互、搜索、推理的知识图谱，让两千年前的文字像代码一样能语法高亮、跳转、消歧。

数据规模直接给你看清楚：

• 实体词条：14,065 个
• 标注次数：126,441 次
• 历史事件：3,198 条
• 事件关系：7,637 条
• Wiki 页面：20,830+ 页
这不是简单的文本处理，是真正的知识工程。

几个亮点真的值得单说：

（1）22类实体彩色语法高亮——人名、地名、官职、事件，每一类都有颜色标注，读《史记》像读代码一样清晰，想关哪类就关哪类

（2）史记地铁图——130条交互式时间线，支持缩放拖拽搜索，整个春秋战国到汉初的历史脉络一张图看清楚

（3）Butler AI Agent 自主维护——一个 AI Agent 持续跑了 12,000+ 轮自主更新 Wiki，不是人工录入，是 Agent 在干活

（4）矛盾检测——史记里前后记载有出入的地方，系统能自动检测出来，学术研究用这个太香了

背后的方法论也很牛：本体不是专家预先设计的，是从文本数据里"自下而上涌现"出来的，迭代速度从数周一轮压缩到数小时一轮。作者还出了两本 PDF 方法论手册，合计 863 页。

历史爱好者、做内容的、研究 AI 知识工程的，都值得去看看。

在线访问：https://t.co/Z9JoCt7KLU

GitHub：https://t.co/ARvGphJfU2

好东西转给需要的兄弟。🚀

#史记 #AI知识图谱 #开源 #老杨啊分享

[Space Shuttle Almanac @ShuttleAlmanac]

This is a Mir cutaway, the vehicles are 95% twin designs. The red outlined area is the aft transfer tunnel were they will attempt to seal up micro-fractures.

[GEOPOL 21 @Geopol21]

💰Gasto en defensa de los países de la OTAN frente a Rusia. 

📊La Alianza Atlántica mantiene colectivamente una inversión más sostenida que le permite superar a Rusia en capacidades militares avanzadas.

📍Sin embargo, Moscú mantiene una influencia regional significativa.

[Space Shuttle Almanac @ShuttleAlmanac]

FYI Zvezda crack repair. The location of the aft transfer tunnel is at the back of Zvezda. It is used by Progress cargo craft for docking and transfer of cargo.
https://t.co/aNfjs2Z5es

[Dmytro Putiata @kriegsforscherD]

Together with @RALee85 we wrote and published an unique information — «Rubicon» elite drone unit ORBAT.

I highly recommend to read this article. Open high quality images and learn more about Russian approach in terms of drone warfare.

Link🔽

https://t.co/8ACAxbhe1Q

[Space Shuttle Almanac @ShuttleAlmanac]

Zvezda has three pressurised sections, outlined in green (see 1st cutaway). The indications are that the fractures surround the hatch (note red line) between the Main Cabin pressure vessel & the Aft Transfer Tunnel, on the opposite side of this hatch (seen in last image).

[Matt Dancho (Business Science) @mdancho84]

Understanding P-Values is essential for improving regression models.

In 2 minutes, I'll crush your confusion.

[税后中国(变化已经发生，风暴只是结果) @ChinaTaxTruth]

乌拉圭对中国免签了，值得关注。这个国家被称为「南美小瑞士」，税收体系对离岸收入异常友好。
核心优势：
• 属地制征税——不对海外来源收入征税
• 低企业税率（25%）和个人税率（最高挡34%）
• 无遗产税、无财富税
• 新税务居民享受10年外源性收入免税期
特别适合退休人士或被动收入型高净值人士重新定居规划。政局稳定、法治完善，生活质量在拉美排名前列。
但需要提示：乌拉圭与中国无税收协定。这意味着如果你有中国来源收入或资产，可能面临双重征税问题。