They're right for Japan, Korea, and Singapore. Those guys source 75% of refined products from the Persian Gulf. Hormuz closes, they bleed.
But Indonesia is a different story entirely.
Yes, Indonesia imports refined products. Pertamina's refining capacity doesn't fully cover domestic demand, so Pertalite and Solar get bridged through imports. The Hormuz shock hits that. Real exposure.
What makes Indonesia different is this.
Indonesia's actual risk from this isn't supply. It's fiscal. If oil prices spike because Hormuz stays closed, the government's subsidy bill for Pertalite and Solar expands. Wider deficit, rupiah pressure. That's the bear case for Indonesia, and even that's manageable.
The bull case is what nobody is talking about.
Indonesia runs B40 right now. 40% of every liter of diesel consumed domestically is palm oil biodiesel, not petroleum. When oil spikes, the incentive to push toward B50 or B55 gets stronger overnight. Import volume drops. Indonesia self-hedges using its own CPO supply. No other country in Asia has this. Not Korea, not Japan, not Singapore.
Then there's coal.
When Hormuz disrupts LNG and oil flows into Asia, the fastest lever available to power generators in Japan, Korea, and India is gas to coal switching. Indonesia is the world's largest seaborne thermal coal exporter. ADARO, ITMG, PTBA, BUMI don't suffer from this scenario. Export volumes go up. Realized prices go up. Royalty revenue to the government goes up.
Same logic on LNG. Indonesia exports from Bontang and Tangguh. When Middle Eastern supply gets disrupted, the spot premium on non Gulf LNG widens. Indonesian cargoes price up.
Same logic on CPO. High oil equals strong biodiesel demand globally equals strong CPO prices. Indonesia and Malaysia control 85% of global supply.
You see, Indonesia pays more for refined product imports. Fiscal subsidy pressure rises. Rupiah is a watch item. Those are real negatives.
But Indonesia earns more on coal exports, earns more on LNG spot, earns more on CPO, and reduces net petroleum import volume through accelerated biodiesel blending. The terms of trade move in Indonesia's favor, not against it.
The conventional take is "Indonesia is a net oil importer so oil shock is bad." The correct take is Indonesia is a net energy exporter in the commodities that directly substitute for disrupted Persian Gulf supply. A sustained Hormuz closure improves Indonesia's aggregate energy trade position, not deteriorates it.
Happy Sunday and Happy Easter.
So much for a hawkish incoming Fed chair.
A Fed–Treasury accord that’s about to fundamentally reshape interest rates.
None of us own enough hard assets.
H/t @zerohedge
Big Tech capex projections this year
Amazon: $200 billion
Alphabet: $185 billion
Meta: $125 billion
Microsoft: $110 billion
Apple: $13 billion
TOTAL: $633 billion
That is more than the GDP of Sweden
@FootballTalkHQ We repeatedly make the same mistake by letting the CEO, instead of Sporting Director, hiring a new manager
His system is totally incompatible with the current squad
🚨 Arteta: “The best team lost, in my view… especially after 160 minutes”.
“I’m saying that and they [PSG bench] are saying that because they just told me”.
I never thought there is a worse owner than Glazers..
Cutting on benefits will reduce staff morale and will not help on attracting good talent.. A perfect timing considering the team is currently sitting at 15th on the table
Manchester United is to close its staff canteen and instead offer employees a free piece of fruit as part of more cost-cutting measures at the club 🍎
#MUFC