How does a lightning replacement cycling attack work?
There's a lot of discussion about this newly discovered vulnerability on the mailing lists, but the actual mechanism is a bit hard to follow.
So here's an illustrated primer...
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TL;DR:
OP Stack → Many chains, one choice.
Single shared sequencer.
Centralized MEV distribution.
Protected by Laws and Governance.
ZK Stack → Many chains, many choices.
Pick your own sequencer.
Handle MEV your way.
Protected by Math and Code.
We are not the same.
It was bound to happen not only due to the cultural differences between the projects, but because technologically, single shared sequencer is the only thing that can make seamless interoperability between optimistic rollups feasible, from the UX and economic perspectives (because every chains need to validate transactions of every other chain or else wait 7 days for finality on L1).
ZK chains, on the other hand, if they share a particular (small) set of circuits, can trust each other blindly relying on pure math. Designed in the right way, this enables them to transfer messages and tokens back in forth in seconds (because provers are becoming blazing fast), irrespective of who and how runs their sequencers.
this is wild — kNN using a gzip-based distance metric outperforms BERT and other neural methods for OOD sentence classification
intuition: 2 texts similar if cat-ing one to the other barely increases gzip size
no training, no tuning, no params — this is the entire algorithm:
A 14-line Python script using gzip outperforming a 345m parameter transformer model is probably the most hilarious result I've seen all year.
https://t.co/E7o9gFNA6u
PNAS recently published what is hands-down the most detailed study of the relationship between measured personality and intelligence
Let's go through it
First up: Neuroticism and the General Factor of Personality
Intelligence is negatively related to uneven temper and anxiety!
I wrote a bit of a guide to ChatGPT’s Code Interpreter, which I have found to be the most useful and powerful mode of AI.
It is, like every product made by OpenAI so far, terribly named. It is less a tool for coders and more a coder who works for you. https://t.co/70NANv5u2n
Highly recommended for anyone interested in understanding the $crvUSD mechanism. Although I've been following the news for a while, I always had a vague understanding. This article helped me understand its mechanism and I'm sharing my notes here.
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reminder that several years ago, Ledger leaked the name and home addresses for all of their customers via a data breach
the absolute last thing you want on their servers is your private key
🐣 Introducing `smol-developer`!
▸ Human-centric, coherent whole program synthesis
▸ your own junior developer
▸ develop, debug, decompile
▸ open source: https://t.co/HNveJvgo7M
▸ 200 LOC, half english
Insights:
💡 100k context can summarize both content and codebases
💡 Markdown is the best prompting DSL
💡 Copy and paste your errors as prompts
💡 Copy and paste curl output as prompts
💡 write CSS animation by describing what u want
💡 GPT4 >>> GPT3.5/Anthropic Claude for codegen
see README for more thoughts!