Gettysburg was won on Day 1. Whichever army controlled the high ground was going to win. General Early elected not to push the federals off the ridge. That decision lost the battle. History’s great “what if”? What stonewall Jackson had been there instead of Early?
163 years ago at dawn, a Union general named John Buford stood in the cupola of a Lutheran seminary west of a little Pennsylvania town and understood something almost nobody else did yet.
The war was about to land here, on these three low ridges, whether anyone wanted it or not. The night before he had told a subordinate that within forty-eight hours a great battle would be fought on the ground in front of them. He was off by only a few hours.
Buford had roughly 2,700 cavalrymen and a suicidal assignment. Robert E. Lee’s infantry was coming down the Chambersburg Pike in the thousands, and Buford’s job was to hold the high ground long enough for the Union infantry to get there. Lose those ridges and the Confederates would own the good ground for the whole battle. So he chose to fight dismounted, trading space for time, knowing full well he was spending men’s lives by the minute to buy hours.
The battle actually opened around 7:30 that morning about three miles out, at a vidette post on the pike in front of a blacksmith named Ephraim Wisler’s house. A lieutenant of the 8th Illinois Cavalry, Marcellus Jones, saw Confederate infantry coming up the road, borrowed a carbine off Sergeant Levi Shafer, rested it on a fence rail, and fired at a mounted officer six or seven hundred yards away. He almost certainly missed. Didn’t matter. The point of that shot was not to hit a man. It was to say the enemy is here, and it started the loudest three days in American history. Something like seven million rounds would be fired on that field before it was over. Jones fired the first one.
Buford’s troopers held. Barely. They fell back yard by grudging yard while Buford sat his horse and waited on the one man who could turn a delaying action into a decision. Around mid-morning John Reynolds rode up ahead of his infantry. Reynolds was, by a lot of accounts, the finest general the Union army had. Lincoln had reportedly offered him command of the whole Army of the Potomac weeks earlier and Reynolds had effectively turned it down. He met Buford, took one look, and made the call that decided everything: we fight here. He sent riders galloping to bring up the rest of the army and personally started shoving his lead brigades into the fight.
Around 10:15, while positioning the 2nd Wisconsin at the edge of Herbst Woods, Reynolds turned in the saddle to check on the men coming up behind him. His last words were something like forward men, for God’s sake, and drive those fellows out of the woods. A bullet took him in the back of the neck and he was dead before he hit the ground. His orderly said he never spoke or moved again, that he had never seen a ball do its work so instantly. He was the highest-ranking man on either side to die at Gettysburg, killed inside the first few hours of a fight he had personally chosen to start. He had a fiancée named Kate waiting on him. She entered a convent after they buried him.
And here is the part people forget. By the end of that first day it looked like a Confederate win. They shattered two Union corps and drove the survivors back through the streets in a bloody, jostling retreat. But the beaten Federals rallied on the high ground south of town, on Cemetery Hill and the ridge running off it, exactly the ground Buford had bled his cavalry to protect at sunrise. Lee spent the next two days throwing his army at those heights and breaking it against them. Pickett’s Charge died on that ridge on July 3rd. The Confederacy never mounted a serious invasion of the North again.
All of it, the whole hinge of the war, came down to a stubborn cavalryman who refused to give up three ridges, an infantry general who rode toward the sound of the guns and paid for it with his life inside three hours, and a nervous Illinois lieutenant who borrowed a rifle at half past seven in the morning and fired the shot that started the rest of American history.
Same date. This morning. 163 years ago.
The first trillionaire in human history
- Elon Musk
- Born in South Africa
- Bullied relentlessly as a kid
- Immigrated to North America
- Arrived with a backpack and a dream
- Built Zip2 with his brother
- Sold it 4 years later for $300 million
- Co-founded PayPal with the profits
- Revolutionised digital payments
- Sold PayPal to eBay for $1.5 billion
- Bet everything on Tesla and SpaceX
- Got mocked for electric cars
- Got laughed at for reusable rockets
- Nearly went bankrupt in 2008
- Kept building anyway
- Turned Tesla into the world’s most valuable automaker
- Made EVs mainstream and transformed the automotive industry
- Made reusable rockets a reality
- Reduced the cost of reaching space by 95%
- Sparked the modern commercial space race
- Built Starlink and connected millions around the world to high-speed internet
- Turned SpaceX into the most valuable private company in history
- Bought Twitter for $44 billion
- The world said he overpaid
- He was called reckless, stupid & crazy
- Advertisers fled, media declared it dead
- Critics called it the worst acquisition in tech history
- Renamed it 𝕏
- Rebuilt the platform anyway
- Turned it into one of the most influential platforms on Earth
- Launched xAI and accelerated the global AI race
- Sent astronauts to space
- Is trying to get humans to mars
- Created millions of jobs
- Generated hundreds of billions in value
- Inspired an entire generation of builders
Before:
- Failed repeatedly
- Worked insane hours
- Slept in factories and offices
- Got bullied, laughed at and mocked
- Constantly told “it’s impossible”
- Kept building anyway
- Made it possible
Today:
- Richest person on Earth
- First trillionaire in human history
- Largest IPO in history $1.77 trillion
Most people quit when the world laughs at them.
Elon Musk built the future instead.
Love him or hate him…
Nobody has changed more industries in a single lifetime.
Payments. Cars. Energy. Space. Social Media. Communications. AI.
History won’t remember the people who said it couldn’t be done.
It will remember the people who did it anyway.
Congratulations Elon.
The first trillionaire. 🚀
Modern history frames the American Founders' hypocrisy on slavery as the ultimate proof that their ideals were a lie. But Coleman Hughes argues the exact opposite. Writing "all men are created equal" while owning slaves wasn't America's fatal flaw.
To be a hypocrite, you first have to state a moral standard.
Most historical empires avoided this problem entirely. Hughes notes that Ottoman sultans could simply point to texts legalizing slavery. No clash of values meant no internal pressure to change.
America put itself in a moral corner. By putting equality on paper, the Founders gave abolitionists a weapon. They created a cognitive dissonance that eventually forced a resolution.
This defines the current debate over American history.
The 1619 Project looks at the founding hypocrisy and declares the system structurally condemned.
Martin Luther King Jr. looked at the exact same hypocrisy and saw a promissory note waiting to be cashed.
You cannot hold a society accountable to a standard that does not exist. The founding ideals did not excuse the system. They gave future generations the exact leverage needed to break it.
Source: @JTLonsdale@coldxman
The most detailed 3D reconstruction of a cell ever created.
Blows my mind every time.
But what exactly are we looking at here?
The average human cell contains:
~ 15-20 total distinct organelle types, totalling between ~1-10 million working together per cell.
All these nano-machines in the cell are made up of proteins.
~ 8,000-10,000 distinct types of unique proteins, adding up to between 40 million - 10 trillion total proteins making up all those cellular systems.
~ 10,000 - 15,000 distinct types of RNA shuttling information around the cell, totalling up to ~10 million RNA molecules moving around the cell simultaneously.
~ Billions of Lipid molecules packed together into the cell membrane, which is also packed tightly with millions more protein-based nano-machines.
And let's not forget billions of lines of DNA information to build and run it all.
That's TRILLIONS of of individual molecular pieces working together to make a single cell function.
That means there is more complexity in a single cell than humanity's largest cities.
And people still believe this wasn't Divinely Designed.
This is God's Glory on Display.
But to make the point.
A cell couldn't have evolved from some nebulous simpler "protocell" because even the simplest cells still require massive complexity.
The "simplest" cell ever created was engineered by scientists knocking out pieces of a functional cell until it stopped functioning.
Here is what they found is the absolute necessary minimal requirements of a cell to function:
- Over ~531,000 lines of coded DNA information
- 473 total genes to create hundreds of unique protein products (they later added 19 genes back in because the cell was so weak)
- Hundreds of thousands of total proteins all working together
- Extensive regulatory networks guiding all these interactions
If the cell doesn't have all these systems in place, from the start...
it doesn't live.
Cell rely on an intricate network of complex systems, which are themselves built from complex interconnected pieces woven together into an incomprehensibly complex web of functionilty.
Only intelligence has ever been observed creation vast interconnected systems like this.
Life was clearly Created.
It couldn't happen any other way.
Gilles, je vais démonter ta prémisse de départ, parce que tout le reste de ton argument s'effondre avec elle.
Tu pars du principe qu'il faut une « sensibilité de gauche » pour ne pas laisser créver les gens de faim. C'est l'inverse total de ce que dit l'histoire économique des 50 dernières années.
Les chiffres bruts.
1990 : 2,3 milliards de personnes en pauvreté extrême. 38% de l'humanité.
2025 : 831 millions. Environ 10%.
1,5 milliard d'êtres humains sortis de la misère absolue en 35 ans. La plus grande réduction de souffrance humaine de toute l'histoire de l'espèce.
Qui a fait ça ?
Pas l'aide internationale. Pas les ONG. Pas les programmes de redistribution. Pas la « sensibilité de gauche ».
Le marché. L'ouverture commerciale. La Chine de Deng en 1978 qui abandonne le maoisme. L'Inde en 1991 qui libéralise. Le Vietnam, l'Indonésie, le Bangladesh qui s'ouvrent au capitalisme.
Les seuls endroits où l'extrême pauvreté a EXPLOSÉ sur la même période ? Le Vénézuela socialiste : de 27% de pauvres en 2008 à plus de 80% en 2018, avec une inflation de 130 000% et un Vénézuélien moyen qui a perdu 11 kilos par dénutrition. La Corée du Nord. Cuba. Le Zimbabwe de Mugabe.
La gauche ne nourrit pas les pauvres. Elle les fabrique.
Le capitalisme produit tellement de richesse que même ses « perdants » américains vivent mieux que la classe moyenne soviétique. Un pauvre US a un frigo, une voiture, un téléphone, l'air conditionné, internet. Un pauvre cubain attend du riz.
Ton argument selon lequel « le social aux USA est un désastre » repète une légende française. La réalité : le PIB par habitant américain est de 80 000$. Français : 45 000$. Un Mississippien — l'État US le plus pauvre — a un revenu médian supérieur au Français moyen.
La vérité que la gauche française refuse de regarder : dans un système libéral, il y a plus de richesse créée, plus largement distribuée, et beaucoup moins de pauvres. Partout. Sans exception. Sur toutes les périodes mesurées.
ÊTRE de gauche en 2026 face à ces données, ce n'est pas avoir de la « sensibilité ». C'est ignorer 35 ans de preuves accablantes. C'est préférer la posture morale au résultat.
La compassion sans résultats, ça s'appelle de la vanité.
Bill Maher asks how the government is “failing the poor so badly” when he pays “60 PERCENT” of his earnings in taxes.
“Last week was tax day… I paid the government probably almost 60% of what I earn. That’s a lot.”
“And I… wouldn’t mind if Bernie Sanders would stop saying the rich don’t pay taxes.”
“The top 10% pay 72% of all federal income taxes. And the bottom half, 3%.”
“The Democratic Socialists talk about socialism like we don’t already have a lot: Social Security, unemployment, Medicare, nutritional assistance, Medicaid, Obamacare, disability, housing subsidies.”
“How can you be soaking the rich and failing the poor so badly? How can it be that the federal government alone took in over 5 trillion in taxes last year, and we still need that?”
“Are we really this incompetent and corrupt?”
Finished book 1 of Atkinson’s “Liberation Trilogy”. The sheer will and perseverance of the greatest generation cannot be forgotten by our children. https://t.co/6rCLhne7XK
🚨🐻👉 #WATCH — CBS turns back the clock to celebrate the 40th anniversary of Jack Nicklaus’ Masters win at age 46 to capture a record-sixth Green Jacket.
“1986” will air Sunday, April 12 at Noon ET on CBS and Paramount+.
The thing that always sticks with me about the GW story, maybe cos I have kids a similar age, is this bit from Full Swing where he talks about writing letters to them in case he didn’t make it through brain surgery. Imagine having to write those letters.
Three weeks after publicly discussing his PTSD diagnosis in the wake of brain surgery, Gary Woodland leads @TCHouOpen by six shots to the final nine.
It's a reminder that anything is possible ⬇️
Amidst a successful TOUR career that counts the 2019 U.S. Open at Pebble Beach among four titles, Woodland took a competitive leave in summer 2023 and underwent surgery to remove a tumor that pushed on the part of brain controlling fear and anxiety.
Woodland returned to competition in early 2024, and this marks his third full season back, but the road has been uneven. He has battled symptoms of PTSD while battling to regain elite form. During one round at the Procore Championship, a walking scorer startled him by standing closer than he might have liked, and suddenly his eyesight became blurry and he couldn't remember what he was doing.
He eventually chose to go public with his PTSD diagnosis, which he received roughly a year ago, to hopefully free himself from the exhausting effort of pretending everything is fine, and also to help others.
“I can’t waste energy anymore hiding this, and I’m blessed with a lot of support out here on the TOUR,” Woodland told Golf Channel after revealing the diagnosis. "I appreciate that love and support. But inside, I feel like I’m dying, and I feel like I’m living a lie.
“I want to live my dreams and be successful out here,” he continued. “But I want to help people, too. I realize now I’ve got to help myself first – and hopefully this is the first step in doing that.”
Since revealing his PTSD diagnosis, Woodland has seen an immediate uptick in results, leading to his virtuoso performance so far at Houston's Memorial Park.
He's nine holes away from one of the more emotional (and popular) victories in recent memory.
Today is a great day. We all get to root for the good guy.
Gary Woodland has a one stroke lead. He is coming back from brain surgery to remove a tumor that has caused him great mental anguish.
A win gets him back to the Masters. Let’s go Woodland!🤞