survivedatman

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[Uday @CoderUday]

I really love the way India solves its problems

-Scientists are resigning? Make rules tight so they can't resign

-Exam papers are leaking? Ban Telegram

-Roads have potholes? Say that you will bring flying busses

-Someone doing hunger strike on paper leak issue? call him anti-national

[Ananth Rupanagudi @AnanthOnTrack]

An Indian scientist at Harvard discovered ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate). Then he helped create the first chemotherapy drug and the first tetracycline antibiotic. Harvard still refused him tenure. A bowling alley would not let him bowl. He died at 53, without an obituary.

His medicines save tens of millions of lives every year. Most American doctors who prescribe them have no idea what his name was. His name was Yellapragada Subbarow (Subba Rao).

He was born in 1895 in Bhimavaram, India. His father was a Sanskrit scholar who died from tropical sprue. Tropical sprue is an acquired malabsorptive disorder found in tropical regions, characterized by chronic diarrhea, weight loss, and severe nutritional deficiencies. It is most commonly associated with deficiencies in vitamin B12 and folic acid, resulting in anemia, fatigue, and glossitis. The same disease killed two of his brothers. As a child, Subbarow watched them fade away and decided he would spend his life fighting disease.

He failed his school exams twice. Passed on the third attempt. His future father-in-law paid for his medical school books. Subbarow married his daughter and repaid the debt. In October 1922, he arrived in Boston with borrowed money and broken English. He was 27. He entered Harvard Medical School and joined the biochemistry PhD program.

He began working under a senior researcher named Cyrus Fiske. Long hours. Little pay. But he was at Harvard, and he did not care. In 1925, they developed the Fiske-SubbaRow assay, a method for measuring phosphorus in body fluids. It is still used today in kidney failure testing, vitamin D testing, and prostate cancer work. It became one of the most cited methods in biochemistry history.

Then they found something even bigger in 1926 - ATP - Adenosine triphosphate. The energy molecule that powers every cell in every living thing on Earth. That discovery changed biochemistry. It also proved that the 1922 Nobel laureate had been wrong about how muscles worked. Muscles did not run on glycogen. They ran on ATP.

Subbarow earned his PhD in 1930. He stayed at Harvard for another decade. Paper after paper. Discovery after discovery. And every year, Harvard refused to promote him. The biochemistry department had never given tenure to a foreigner. They were not going to begin with an Indian.

His colleagues took him fishing. Played tennis with him. Came to dinner at his home. Then voted against him year after year. Outside the laboratory, he met the same wall. He bought an airplane and learned to fly because he loved flying. Once, he tried to go bowling. The local alley refused him entry. The sign said it was “open only to the Caucasian race.”

Then Fiske turned against him. The senior researcher began blocking Subbarow’s discoveries out of jealousy. Some of Subbarow’s work had to be rediscovered years later by other scientists because Fiske kept his findings hidden.

May 1940. Harvard denied him tenure for the last time. After 17 years of groundbreaking work, he walked away. Lederle Laboratories in New York hired him as Associate Director of Research. By the end of the year, he was Director. In the next eight years, he changed medicine. He developed diethylcarbamazine, an oral medicine that killed the tropical worms crippling American soldiers in the Pacific. The World Health Organization still uses it.

He isolated folic acid from liver and worked out how to produce it on a large scale. Today, folic acid in pregnancy prevents birth defects in tens of millions of pregnancies every year. The same family of diseases that killed his father and brothers became preventable because of him.

Then Dr. Sidney Farber called from Boston with an idea: maybe a drug that blocked folic acid in cancer cells could kill childhood leukemia. Subbarow’s team created the drug. They called it Aminopterin. In December 1947, Farber gave it to an eight-year-old boy dying from leukemia. Within weeks, the cancer cells began to disappear.

It was the first chemotherapy drug in history. The first time anyone had put cancer into remission using a pill. Subbarow’s team later refined it into Amethopterin, now known as methotrexate. It became a gold standard treatment for leukemia, lymphoma, breast cancer, and lung cancer. Then rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, and Crohn’s disease. The World Health Organization lists it as an essential medicine. Tens of millions of people use it every year.

In 1948, his lab produced Aureomycin. The first tetracycline antibiotic - a broad-spectrum one that killed typhus, cholera, pneumonia, and many bacteria that penicillin could not touch. It opened the door to the whole tetracycline family: doxycycline, minocycline, and drugs still used today against plague, malaria, anthrax, and drug-resistant infections.

He was 53 years old. He had created medicines that would save tens of millions of lives. August 8, 1948. Yellapragada Subbarow suffered a heart attack at his home in New York and died. No American newspaper gave him a front-page obituary. No university held a memorial. The Nobel Committee never honoured him. His own colleague George Hitchings later won a 1988 Nobel Prize for work built directly on Subbarow’s foundation. Subbarow was not even nominated.

In 1950, Argosy magazine published a feature about him titled “Miracle Man of the Miracle Drugs.” It began with a line that still hits hard. “You’ve probably never heard of Dr. Yellapragada Subbarow. Yet because he lived, you may be alive and are well today. Because he lived, you may live longer.”

Most Americans had not heard of him in 1950. Most still have not. Harvard has never officially honoured him. American medical schools mostly do not teach his name. The Nobel Committee that honoured Hitchings for work built on his foundation never corrected the record. Every methotrexate prescription written today remains silent about the man behind it.

India remembers. The government issued a postage stamp for his 100th birthday. His childhood home became a museum. Indian medical schools teach his name. But the country that denied him tenure, refused to let him bowl, and allowed him to die unknown - the same country that uses his drugs every day - still mostly does not know him.

Here is the truth. If someone you know has ever taken methotrexate for cancer or an autoimmune disease. If someone you love has taken folic acid during pregnancy. If you have ever been prescribed doxycycline for an infection. That was him. Yellapragada Subbarow. Born 1895. Died 1948. Saved tens of millions of lives, while a country he loved barely knows what it owes him.

Please remember his name and let your near and dear know about this little-known scientific legend born on this soil but never got the true recognition that he deserved. A story you need to know. A story all of us need to know. #Medicine #Unknownlegends @centerofright @KiranKS

[Shivam @ShivamMish78313]

British left because of the economic burden, Shitler, WW2, etc. Okay, let's consider your point.
But how they left was because of what Gandhi, his mass movement, and the INC did.

Remove Gandhi from the freedom struggle and there would've never been a successful transfer of power. The subcontinent would've been split into dozens of Bangladeshes and Myanmars, from Balochistan to Dhaka, fighting among themselves while being exploited for resources by France & Europe till date. His slogans were raised from the Royal Indian Navy Revolt to the INA Brigades, so you may not like it, but he was HUGE.

From the days of Champaran, he pulled off a series of well-calculated moves that built the courage to disobey.
He knew about the possibility of Balkanization if we somehow overthrew the British by force, or ended up as a communist republic but without a Deng in the '70s.
From Mandela to MLK Jr., they all followed his methods and succeeded.

In no time, he made Indians follow him far more passionately than they ever did during his stay in South Africa.
He became the icon of Indian leaders who were not some random Toms, but extraordinary achievers. Those Indian leaders in the 1st half of the 20th century literally shaped democracy worldwide while supporting freedom movements in Egypt, Ireland, and later African countries.

Those shattered and poorly organized attacks (with due respect to the revolutionaries) were in no way enough to affect the same superpower that later fought the Nazis.
Gandhi wasn't desperate to end up in the Andamans only to write mercy petitions, he was simply the smarter politician. He was brave enough to confront the British, yet patient enough to understand the situation. His non-violence wasn't a choice, but a necessity against a superpower.

Britain and France didn't let their other colonies slip away easily, and many gained independence only after horrific casualties. Algeria alone suffered hundreds of thousands of deaths during its war of independence.

[survivedatman @bksharan025]

@utkhader Sir, kindly look into C- Sections happening in private hospitals , especially in kalyana karanataka region.

[शिक्षित बेरोज़गार @kaul_vivek]

Alan Greenspan has died. And too many thoughts are running through my head.

Given the issues I write on, very rarely does anything feel personal.

This perhaps did, for the simple reason that for the nine months between October 2010 and June 2011, when I wrote the 3.2 lakh words that eventually became the first draft of the Easy Money trilogy, this man lived in my head.

If I have to be slightly poetic about it, we had conversations. Long conversations.

In many ways, he symbolised the title. And 15 years later, this is what I could come up with.

[survivedatman @bksharan025]

@KKRTC_Journeys Sir, everyday bus failures have become a common issue. Plz look into it.

[survivedatman @bksharan025]

@KSRTC_Journeys there is no buses to hallikhed b (585 414). Buses are humnabad to direct Bidar. Students,old age people are suffering. Plz look into it

[Rahul Gandhi @RahulGandhi]

Those who didn’t struggle for freedom can’t understand those who did.

[Kapil @kapsology]

Yesterday night we got the news that to escape jail in US, he is going to invest millions of dollars in US.

In the morning, his employee increased the fuels prices to collect money for it.

[Jil Theo @theo_jil]

10 powerful books that'll put your writing in the top 1% this year:

1. On Writing — Stephen King

[Arvind Subramanian @arvindsubraman]

.@TheEconomist piece on Kerala under-sells remittances. Our book A SIXTH OF HUMANITY (chart) shows that Kerala-w/ its great human capital- is also amongst the richest states w/o dynamic agri., mfg., or IT services. Remittances partially explain the puzzle: https://t.co/c19HoOc9Le

[Philosophy Of Physics @PhilosophyOfPhy]

James Clerk Maxwell gave André-Marie Ampère his greatest nickname, "The Newton of Electricity." Maxwell argued that while others were just playing with wires, Ampère had created a complete, perfect mathematical system from scratch.

Ironically, Ampère was so disorganized that he often lost his own research papers. He once famously forgot an invitation to dine with the Emperor because he got distracted by a math problem on his way to the palace.

[survivedatman @bksharan025]

Nobody is urs that's truth

[Dmitry Medvedev @MedvedevRussiaE]

It's not clear how the truce between Washington and Tehran will play out. But one thing is certain - Iran has tested its nuclear weapons. It is called the Strait of Hormuz. Its potential is inexhaustible.

[Lawrence Kitema @lawrencekitema]

People visit the rich with gifts, but they visit the poor with advice.

— African Proverb

[survivedatman @bksharan025]

@readswithravi Understanding Michael porter by Joan magretta

[Teddy - PolyBackTest.com @Bitcoin_Teddy]

FORMER FINANCE PROFESSOR TAD SMITH: "After 25 years teaching finance, I realized at 58:

If the money printer grows 8-10% annually and the S&P 500 returns ~9%, it’s just treading water. True wealth comes from outpacing the printer.

That’s the Bitcoin journey."

[Raffaele Mauriello @Mauriello_R]

I’ve listened to this interview multiple times and also read the written version—it's truly exceptional. Vali Nasr is an outstanding expert on Iran and regional affairs, remarkably focused and eloquent.
https://t.co/i6YZd4VW1o

[William Dalrymple @DalrympleWill]

What caused China to attack India in 1962?
https://t.co/gEHgSFE7ZV

[Aditya Ojha @thispodcastguy]

Indira Gandhi split Pakistan.

Manmohan Singh isolated it.

Modi put it back on the world stage.