Top Tweets for #Scheltopusik

about 2 years ago

About the #Scheltopusik #Pseudopus #apodus (#Anguidae, #Squamata), a snake-like lizard with only tiny stubby hind legs, related to the European #slowworm. About factors that generally favor growth in size in vertebrates and about insights into the extinct related species #Pseudopus #pannonicus and its taxonomy. It is understandable that the loss of legs results in an increase in length, as otherwise meandering movements might be inefficient. The related slowworm Anguis fragilis reaches a length of around 58 cm and is therefore longer, but not necessarily more moderate, than many lizards of the Lacertidae with fully developed limbs. The Scheltopusik is significantly longer and also more massive at around 1.4 m long. The question of the reasons for this size acquired through evolution represents a generally not always satisfactorily understood problem for evolutionary biologists. #Growth in size is a result of #evolution and has arisen gradually. It was important that there was a #selectiveadvantage in each phase. This means that #environmentalfactors favor larger individuals in a population, so that they reproduce more frequently than smaller conspecifics. Possible factors that promote height growth: #Climate, island situation, competitive pressure, food supply or number of predators can play a role. But there are other factors that limit the maximum possible size. The skeletal structure must remain stable. Organs and blood vessels must continue to function physiologically and morphologically. In particular, the energy supply must remain secure, which means that enough oxygen must be transported to the tissues via the blood vessels. Therefore, more large species could evolve in vertebrates under tropical/ subtropical conditions in prehistoric times, since there was an increased partial pressure of oxygen. Something like that might have been important, e.g., in the evolution of a rather striking #size in the extinct P. pannonicus. The biology of the modern scheltopusik might at least generally resemble the unknown one of P. pannonicus. The scheltopusik is widespread from the Balkan Peninsula to Central Asia and prefers loose, warm substrate with a certain amount of moisture and sufficient hiding places. As a diurnal animal with wide, strong teeth, it catches insects, snails, small mice and young birds. When confronted with attackers, it tries to escape by turning around its longitudinal axis or falls into a state of shock. The females lay up to 12 eggs and apparently care for the brood. In addition to the Scheltopusik, the genus Pseudopus consists of four other extinct species in Eurasia. The largest of them, Pseudopus pannonicus, reached more than two meters in length and lived in the #UpperCenozoic of Europe. Pseudopus pannonicus lived from the Lower #Miocene to the Upper #Pleistocene and was widespread from today's central Europe across the Balkans to today's Ukraine. The species was described from Hungary (1911). German sites include the Hambach opencast mine or the "Hammerschmiede" in East Allgäu. The latter is being reconstructed in the corresponding times with calcareous soils and a warm climate with seasonally dry phases, interspersed with wetter periods with floodplain landscapes along streams. There could probably have been a higher oxygen partial pressure, but various other still unknown parameters could also have favored the size growth of this species. But its exact biology in an evolutionary context is almost unknown as often in paleontology. And until now it wasn't even clear which finds could be assigned to the species with certainty. The authors E. L'Oréal et al. (2024) used SEM and μCT scanning to re-describe known finds and assigned additional material from Poland and Hungary to the species. © #StefanFWirth Berlin 2024 Sources On X: https://t.co/cAxyfmjvRI E. L'Oréal et al. (2024): https://t.co/gxLL8CJDtF Photo scheltopusik, Greece 2016, author Konstantinos Kalaentzis, https://t.co/SgxZkQdElG

wirthstef's tweet photo. About the #Scheltopusik #Pseudopus #apodus (#Anguidae, #Squamata), a snake-like lizard with only tiny stubby hind legs, related to the European #slowworm. About factors that generally favor growth in size in vertebrates and about insights into the extinct related species #Pseudopus #pannonicus and its taxonomy.

It is understandable that the loss of legs results in an increase in length, as otherwise meandering movements might be inefficient. The related slowworm Anguis fragilis reaches a length of around 58 cm and is therefore longer, but not necessarily more moderate, than many lizards of the Lacertidae with fully developed limbs. The Scheltopusik is significantly longer and also more massive at around 1.4 m long. The question of the reasons for this size acquired through evolution represents a generally not always satisfactorily understood problem for evolutionary biologists.

#Growth in size is a result of #evolution and has arisen gradually. It was important that there was a #selectiveadvantage in each phase. This means that #environmentalfactors favor larger individuals in a population, so that they reproduce more frequently than smaller conspecifics. Possible factors that promote height growth: #Climate, island situation, competitive pressure, food supply or number of predators can play a role. But there are other factors that limit the maximum possible size. The skeletal structure must remain stable. Organs and blood vessels must continue to function physiologically and morphologically. In particular, the energy supply must remain secure, which means that enough oxygen must be transported to the tissues via the blood vessels. Therefore, more large species could evolve in vertebrates under tropical/ subtropical conditions in prehistoric times, since there was an increased partial pressure of oxygen. Something like that might have been important, e.g., in the evolution of a rather striking #size in the extinct P. pannonicus. The biology of the modern scheltopusik might at least generally resemble the unknown one of P. pannonicus.

The scheltopusik is widespread from the Balkan Peninsula to Central Asia and prefers loose, warm substrate with a certain amount of moisture and sufficient hiding places. As a diurnal animal with wide, strong teeth, it catches insects, snails, small mice and young birds. When confronted with attackers, it tries to escape by turning around its longitudinal axis or falls into a state of shock. The females lay up to 12 eggs and apparently care for the brood.
In addition to the Scheltopusik, the genus Pseudopus consists of four other extinct species in Eurasia. The largest of them, Pseudopus pannonicus, reached more than two meters in length and lived in the #UpperCenozoic of Europe.

Pseudopus pannonicus lived from the Lower #Miocene to the Upper #Pleistocene and was widespread from today's central Europe across the Balkans to today's Ukraine. The species was described from Hungary (1911).
German sites include the Hambach opencast mine or the "Hammerschmiede" in East Allgäu. The latter is being reconstructed in the corresponding times with calcareous soils and a warm climate with seasonally dry phases, interspersed with wetter periods with floodplain landscapes along streams. There could probably have been a higher oxygen partial pressure, but various other still unknown parameters could also have favored the size growth of this species. But its exact biology in an evolutionary context is almost unknown as often in paleontology. And until now it wasn't even clear which finds could be assigned to the species with certainty. The authors E. L'Oréal et al. (2024) used SEM and μCT scanning to re-describe known finds and assigned additional material from Poland and Hungary to the species.

© #StefanFWirth Berlin 2024

Sources

On X:
https://t.co/cAxyfmjvRI

E. L'Oréal et al. (2024):
https://t.co/gxLL8CJDtF

Photo
scheltopusik, Greece 2016, author Konstantinos Kalaentzis, https://t.co/SgxZkQdElG

The Anatomical Record @AnatRecord

about 2 years ago

Pseudopus pannonicus, the largest known anguid lizard from Central Europe, was recently revised. Using high-re imaging, osteology was detailed, their identification updated, & biogeographic implications discussed. Loréal, @DrGeorgalis et al: https://t.co/Owr8awr7Ls #FossilFriday

AnatRecord's tweet photo. Pseudopus pannonicus, the largest known anguid lizard from Central Europe, was recently revised. Using high-re imaging, osteology was detailed, their identification updated, & biogeographic implications discussed.
Loréal, @DrGeorgalis et al: https://t.co/Owr8awr7Ls
#FossilFriday https://t.co/tKFDw6ojUt

202

ういぽん @uipon

almost 8 years ago

ご飯、やっと、もらえた(^◇^;)けど、犬と人間が、寄ってくる。 #europeanlegesslizard　#はちゅてろ #アシナシトカゲ #爬虫類 #scheltopusik

ういぽん @uipon

almost 8 years ago

トラキアさωが、起きていた！まだ、エサ皿にエサが、入ってないけど…(^◇^;)　ご飯は、また後でね(^_^;)　 #爬虫類 #アシナシトカゲ #はちゅてろ #europeanlegesslizard #scheltopusik

ういぽん @uipon

almost 8 years ago

今回のトラキアアシナシトカゲさωは、怒らなかったぞ(怒)!! 振り向く力が強くて、攻撃される気分を味わうぞ←それ・・・凄く怖いぞ(怒)! #アシナシトカゲ　#Europeanleglesslizard　#scheltopusik　#両生類

ういぽん @uipon

almost 8 years ago

今朝、機嫌が良かった…と言うか…メッチャ大人しかったトラキアさω。色々、動画と写真撮りました。　#アシナシトカゲ　#Europeanleglesslizard　#scheltopusik　#両生類

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