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Between March 22 and 26, 1920, the Armenian population of Shushi in Artsakh endured one of the most devastating massacres in modern Armenian history. The events constituted a coordinated attack carried out by forces referred to at the time as “Caucasian Tatars” (present-day Azerbaijanis), with the backing of the Musavat government. Thousands of Armenians were killed, churches were burned, and the city’s schools, libraries, and cultural institutions were systematically destroyed. In 1919, Artsakh had been declared an inseparable part of Armenia by the Fourth and Fifth Artsakh Congresses. Despite this, Azerbaijani authorities, led by Governor-General Khosrov Sultanov and aligned with the Young Turks, pursued deliberate policies aimed at eliminating the Armenian presence in the region. On March 23, 1920, under the pretext of disarmament, Turkish officers and armed groups entered the Armenian quarters of Shushi and unleashed a new wave of violence. The city was set ablaze, and what had once been a thriving Armenian cultural center was reduced to ruins. Only an estimated 5,000 to 6,000 Armenians survived, many fleeing to Varanda and Dizak. The consequences of these events continue to resonate today. In 2023, the Armenian population of Artsakh was forcibly displaced following what has been widely described as ethnic cleansing. The region remains under Azerbaijani control, and its centuries-old Armenian cultural heritage faces ongoing destruction and erasure. The legacy of Shushi in 1920 endures not only as a symbol of profound loss, but as a call to preserve memory, defend historical truth, and ensure that such atrocities are neither forgotten nor repeated.