In May 1963, as Birmingham, Alabama became one of the most important battlegrounds of the Civil Rights Movement, actor and comedian Redd Foxx joined Eartha Kitt and others at a rally in New York organized in support of the people confronting segregation in the South. Birmingham had become internationally notorious for its rigid system of racial segregation and the violent resistance to those demanding change. That spring, the Birmingham Campaign brought demonstrations, sit-ins and marches into the streets, while hundreds of protesters were arrested. When young people joined the demonstrations during what became known as the Children’s Crusade, police commissioner Eugene “Bull” Connor authorized the use of police dogs and high-pressure fire hoses against demonstrators, producing images that shocked audiences across the United States and around the world.
Foxx, already well known as a comedian, reportedly became overwhelmed with emotion while addressing the New York gathering. Photographs from the event captured him crying as Eartha Kitt stood nearby. The moment revealed another side of Black celebrity involvement in the movement. The struggle was not carried only by the activists whose names now appear in history books. Black entertainers, musicians, actors and comedians also raised money, attended rallies, supported civil rights organizations and used their public visibility to draw attention to what was happening in places like Birmingham. For performers whose careers depended on navigating a deeply segregated entertainment industry, openly associating themselves with civil rights activism could also carry professional consequences.
Eartha Kitt’s presence was equally significant. Long before her famous 1968 confrontation with First Lady Lady Bird Johnson over the Vietnam War, Kitt was willing to speak publicly about racism and social inequality. Like Foxx, she belonged to a generation of Black entertainers whose success did not insulate them from the realities facing Black Americans. Fame could provide access and influence, but it could not erase the emotional weight of watching people who looked like them beaten, arrested and humiliated simply for demanding rights supposedly guaranteed to American citizens.
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Boosie says Penn State’s alleged fraternity cocaine operation, which led to 14 people being charged, would be “all over the news” if the same scandal happened at an HBCU. 👀
John Morton-Finney lived a life that makes the phrase “lifelong learner” feel almost inadequate. Born in Kentucky in 1889 to a formerly enslaved father and a free mother, Morton-Finney went on to become a soldier, educator, lawyer, and civil rights advocate. He served with the 24th Infantry Regiment, one of the units known as the Buffalo Soldiers, and later served with the American Expeditionary Forces in France during World War I. But his military service was only one chapter of an extraordinary life devoted to education and public service.
Morton-Finney earned 11 academic degrees, including multiple degrees in law as well as degrees and advanced study in subjects such as mathematics, French and education. He continued studying long after most people would have considered their education finished, earning his final degree at the age of 75. He was also remarkably gifted with languages and became known for his knowledge of French, Latin, Greek, Spanish and other languages. His commitment to learning was not simply about collecting qualifications. He believed education was something that should continue throughout a person’s life.
His work as an educator was just as significant. Morton-Finney spent 47 years teaching in Indianapolis Public Schools and became part of the original faculty at Crispus Attucks High School when it opened in 1927. The school was established during an era when Indianapolis schools were segregated, and Morton-Finney helped build its foreign-language department into one of the strongest in the state. He also encouraged students to pursue higher education, connected them with historically Black colleges and helped some obtain scholarships.
Then there was his legal career. Morton-Finney was admitted to the Indiana bar in 1935, later gained admission to practice before the U.S. District Court, and at the remarkable age of 83 was admitted to practice before the U.S. Supreme Court. In 1971, at 82, he even challenged Indianapolis’ mandatory retirement age for teachers after the school system attempted to force him out. He continued practicing law into his 100s and retired at 107. Indiana University describes him as having worked in law for nearly 85 years and as being believed to have been the longest-practicing attorney in the United States.
Morton-Finney died in 1998 at the age of 108, but his legacy reaches far beyond the number of degrees he earned or the extraordinary age at which he stopped practicing law. His life shows how education can become a form of service, especially for someone who used his knowledge to teach young people, open doors for others and challenge institutions that attempted to limit his own opportunities.
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