Sedated for "agitation." Pelvic fracture found 2 days later.
The agitation was pain. It very often is, especially in surgical patients.
When someone is agitated & delirious, the first question isn't "what do we give them?" - It's "what's causing this?"
Pain. Infection. Urinary retention. Constipation. Hypoxia. The list of treatable causes is long.
↳ A systematic head to toe approach is always needed when evaluating the possible triggers.
#delirium #medtwitter
This child, suffering from a rare disease, had been in the hospital for a long time, and his parents were worried about his morale. So, even though the doctors were initially opposed, he was allowed to have his Golden Retriever with him. At first, it was only for short periods, but later—seeing the child's improvement—the dog was allowed to stay with him constantly. Now he is recovering and happy, and he can't wait to go home and play with his dog.
About half of people with multiple sclerosis have Paramagnetic Rim Lesions according this meta analysis. They are associated with smouldering inflammation and microglial activation. https://t.co/reWLCq8viV
Amantadine doesn't work for MS fatigue? This meta analysis of 9 randomized trials showed no statistically significant benefit. https://t.co/B8MhiRRfpB).
Reversing MS Symptoms? The Power of Remyelination By @AaronBosterMD Clemastine. Anti-LINGO-1. PIPE-307. Oligodendrocyte precursor cells. https://t.co/obaNQyLOqW
Beware of low antibodies as a complication of b-cell depleters. This is a case report of a 34 year old man on ocrevus for MS who developed catatonia and fever. MRI showed symmetrical thalamic lesions. He had enterovirus encephalitis. IgG was 4.92 g/L https://t.co/uv2jC3LoAh
Varón de 20 años con palpitaciones de una hora de evolución. Tensión arterial 135/70 mmHg. ¿Diagnóstico y plan?
Disfruta de los asaltos carprimur 👉https://t.co/eo6IOf1T89
#AsaltoECG
The conduction system isn’t immune to ischemia.
The SA node, AV node, His bundle all depend on precise arterial supply.
A proximal RCA or LCx lesion can mean bradycardia, heart block, or asystole.
One blockage can silence the rhythm.
(Source: Levine, Clinical Cardiovascular Physiology, 1976)
Pericardial Tamponade vs Constrictive Pericarditis ➡️Spot the Difference
Tamponade
⬇️
Accumulation of fluid in the pericardial space
⬇️
↑ intrapericardial pressure
⬇️
impairs diastolic filling throughout the cardiac cycle (early and late diastole).
Doppler shows blunted E and A waves due to restricted filling.
Constrictive Pericarditis
⬇️
Thickened, non-compliant pericardium
⬇️
rapid early diastolic filling that abruptly halts once volume limit is hit.
Doppler shows prominent E wave, reduced A wave, classic for constriction.
Recognizing the echocardiographic filling patterns is essential for diagnosis.
Ref: Catherine M. Otto, Textbook of Clinical Echocardiography
#Cardiology #Echocardiography #Tamponade #ConstrictivePericarditis #Medx
PVC localization on ECG.
Premature ventricular complexes (PVCs) are early depolarizations originating from the ventricles, bypassing the His-Purkinje system.
This powerful image illustrates PVCs from different anatomical origins➡️outflow tracts (RVOT/LVOT) and the tricuspid annulus, mapped with characteristic ECG signatures:
ECG Features & Localizing Clues:
1️⃣ GCV/Epicardium: Look for a Q in aVL/aVR > 1.7 ➡️suggests epicardial origin from the great cardiac vein.
2️⃣ RSOV - LSOV Commissure: Notched downstroke in V1 ➡️ points to aortic valve origin.
3️⃣ LVOT (RSOV): S in V2 / R in V3 < 1.5 ➡️supports a left ventricular outflow tract site.
4️⃣ RVOT Septal: Transition > V3 with inferior right axis ➡️ typical of septal RVOT origin.
5️⃣ RVOT Free Wall: Notching in II, III ➡️ consistent with free wall RVOT PVCs.
6️⃣ Para-Hisian region: R in I, aVL = R; aVR shows qS with QRS < 140 ms ➡️near the His bundle.
Why This Matters:🤔
- RVOT PVCs are the most common idiopathic form and often benign.
- LVOT or epicardial PVCs may require a retroaortic or epicardial ablation approach.
- Para-Hisian PVCs pose an ablation challenge due to proximity to the conduction system.
- Accurate localization via ECG helps plan safer and more effective ablation strategies.
Source: Braunwald’s Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine, 12th ed.
#CardioTwitter #EPeeps #PVCs #Electrophysiology #ECG #MedEd #Cardiology