![ChrisMartzWX's tweet photo. Ah yes, the typical “Dust Bowl” dismissal.
Climate alarmists love to ignore the “Dust Bowl.” And that's because they don't actually understand what it was. They just talk out of their ass, which is what you are doing here.
The term “Dust Bowl” does not refer to the decade-long drought that spanned North America during the 1930s. It also does not refer to the record-shattering heatwaves that impacted the U.S. and Canada in the 1930s, particularly in the spring and summer of 1930, 1933, 1934, 1936, and autumn of 1939.
Rather, the “Dust Bowl” refers to a [relatively] small geographical area that was affected by the most severe dust storms during the 1930s. Specifically, the areas affected were the Texas and Oklahoma panhandles, southwestern Kansas, and southeastern Colorado (Lee & Gill, 2015, see the first image).
🔗https://t.co/rvtoIPSFry
While farming practices (specifically, the plowing of deep-rooted perennial prairie grasses and replacing them with shallow-rooted annual crops like wheat) likely contributed to the incidence of dust storms, the drought and heatwaves were naturally forced, mainly by anomalous tropical Pacific and North Atlantic sea surface temperatures (i.e., La Niña and the +AMO). Only ~30% of the Great Plains land area had been plowed for farming by 1930 (Cunfer, 2005); farmers generally adapted to the Plains landscape rather than changed it. In other words, farmers did not cause the drought or extreme heat in the 1930s, and therefore, it cannot be dismissed as an anomaly.
🔗https://t.co/Vp1UewkRF0
Tree ring-based proxy reconstructions also indicate that 1930s-like droughts have occurred in the Great Plains once or twice per century, on average, for at least the last 10,000 years (Herweijer et al., 2007; Miao et al., 2007). The second image shows some of these past droughts that I identified looking through the North American Drought Atlas.
🔗https://t.co/dh1HYJXQVt
🔗https://t.co/cOQ1aZhTlA
Many of these historic Plains droughts, including two during the 19th century alone (circa 1818–25 and the 1854–65 “Civil War Drought”), exceed the 1930s in terms of both spatial extent and magnitude, and were comparable in duration (e.g., Muhs & Holliday, 1995; Burnette & Stahle, 2012). Early settlers described the region as a de-facto desert with blowing sand.
🔗https://t.co/pwxS7sVsY0
🔗https://t.co/khyWYAEUX5
In 1855, U.S. Army Lieutenant Gouverneur Kembel Warren (known as G. K. Warren), who would later become a general during the American Civil War and crowned the “Hero of Little Round Top,” described the Nebraska Sand Hills as,
🗨️ “The Sand Hills (les Buttes de Sable) present their most characteristic appearance just north of the Calamus river, spread out in every direction to the extreme verge of the horizon. The sand is nearly white, or lightish yellow, and is about three-fourths covered with coarse grass and other plants... The scenery is exceedingly solitary, silent, and desolate, and depressing to one’s spirits.”
More accounts suggest that there were similar heat extremes to the 1930s in the Great Plains during the 1820s. James (1823) recounts Stephen Long's journey through southwestern Nebraska’s Imperial and Lincoln counties in June 1820; he noted “extensive districts covered entirely with loose and fine sand” south of the South Platte River. Long also noted that,
🗨️ “The intense reflection of light and heat from the surface of naked sand... added much to the fatigue and suffering of our journey.”
🔗https://t.co/AtfgRJdACy
Army Fort data from NOAA NCEI's archive also show that many summers during the 1850s and 1860s may have been similar to those of the 1930s. I attached daily weather observations from Manhattan, Kansas from July 1860 in the third image attached below. The high temperature of 115°F recorded on July 9, 1860, is only eclipsed by 116°F measured on August 13, 1936. If you look at the handwritten paper forms for stations across the country in 1860, you'll find many of them reaching 100°F+ multiple times. Richmond, Virginia did. So did Chicago, Illinois (and it's much rarer there).
Drought conditions in the 1930s were undoubtedly amplified by positive land surface feedbacks, but those feedbacks were mostly a response to natural devegetation of the landscape from persistent rainfall deficits in the 1920s and 1930s, not mechanized agriculture. The occurrence of similar, if not worse droughts in the Great Plains in past centuries which predate mechanized agriculture only further supports the idea that the 1930s drought was natural, and by extension, the heatwaves, too.
Regardless, even if you remove the 1930s from the dataset, the occurrence of extremely hot days in the U.S. and the number of heatwaves have still declined since the 1890s.
🔗https://t.co/DSJXxVVKZa
As for other regions of the globe, there aren't enough data points to reliably reconstruct the same dataset globally back to the 1890s. That's why U.S. data are important, despite the U.S. being a small fraction of global land area. It's because the U.S. has the best climate data record in the world, and the rest is just a guessing game. Throw a dart.](https://pbs.twimg.com/media/HW4uq71XYAABAdB.png)
![ChrisMartzWX's tweet photo. Ah yes, the typical “Dust Bowl” dismissal.
Climate alarmists love to ignore the “Dust Bowl.” And that's because they don't actually understand what it was. They just talk out of their ass, which is what you are doing here.
The term “Dust Bowl” does not refer to the decade-long drought that spanned North America during the 1930s. It also does not refer to the record-shattering heatwaves that impacted the U.S. and Canada in the 1930s, particularly in the spring and summer of 1930, 1933, 1934, 1936, and autumn of 1939.
Rather, the “Dust Bowl” refers to a [relatively] small geographical area that was affected by the most severe dust storms during the 1930s. Specifically, the areas affected were the Texas and Oklahoma panhandles, southwestern Kansas, and southeastern Colorado (Lee & Gill, 2015, see the first image).
🔗https://t.co/rvtoIPSFry
While farming practices (specifically, the plowing of deep-rooted perennial prairie grasses and replacing them with shallow-rooted annual crops like wheat) likely contributed to the incidence of dust storms, the drought and heatwaves were naturally forced, mainly by anomalous tropical Pacific and North Atlantic sea surface temperatures (i.e., La Niña and the +AMO). Only ~30% of the Great Plains land area had been plowed for farming by 1930 (Cunfer, 2005); farmers generally adapted to the Plains landscape rather than changed it. In other words, farmers did not cause the drought or extreme heat in the 1930s, and therefore, it cannot be dismissed as an anomaly.
🔗https://t.co/Vp1UewkRF0
Tree ring-based proxy reconstructions also indicate that 1930s-like droughts have occurred in the Great Plains once or twice per century, on average, for at least the last 10,000 years (Herweijer et al., 2007; Miao et al., 2007). The second image shows some of these past droughts that I identified looking through the North American Drought Atlas.
🔗https://t.co/dh1HYJXQVt
🔗https://t.co/cOQ1aZhTlA
Many of these historic Plains droughts, including two during the 19th century alone (circa 1818–25 and the 1854–65 “Civil War Drought”), exceed the 1930s in terms of both spatial extent and magnitude, and were comparable in duration (e.g., Muhs & Holliday, 1995; Burnette & Stahle, 2012). Early settlers described the region as a de-facto desert with blowing sand.
🔗https://t.co/pwxS7sVsY0
🔗https://t.co/khyWYAEUX5
In 1855, U.S. Army Lieutenant Gouverneur Kembel Warren (known as G. K. Warren), who would later become a general during the American Civil War and crowned the “Hero of Little Round Top,” described the Nebraska Sand Hills as,
🗨️ “The Sand Hills (les Buttes de Sable) present their most characteristic appearance just north of the Calamus river, spread out in every direction to the extreme verge of the horizon. The sand is nearly white, or lightish yellow, and is about three-fourths covered with coarse grass and other plants... The scenery is exceedingly solitary, silent, and desolate, and depressing to one’s spirits.”
More accounts suggest that there were similar heat extremes to the 1930s in the Great Plains during the 1820s. James (1823) recounts Stephen Long's journey through southwestern Nebraska’s Imperial and Lincoln counties in June 1820; he noted “extensive districts covered entirely with loose and fine sand” south of the South Platte River. Long also noted that,
🗨️ “The intense reflection of light and heat from the surface of naked sand... added much to the fatigue and suffering of our journey.”
🔗https://t.co/AtfgRJdACy
Army Fort data from NOAA NCEI's archive also show that many summers during the 1850s and 1860s may have been similar to those of the 1930s. I attached daily weather observations from Manhattan, Kansas from July 1860 in the third image attached below. The high temperature of 115°F recorded on July 9, 1860, is only eclipsed by 116°F measured on August 13, 1936. If you look at the handwritten paper forms for stations across the country in 1860, you'll find many of them reaching 100°F+ multiple times. Richmond, Virginia did. So did Chicago, Illinois (and it's much rarer there).
Drought conditions in the 1930s were undoubtedly amplified by positive land surface feedbacks, but those feedbacks were mostly a response to natural devegetation of the landscape from persistent rainfall deficits in the 1920s and 1930s, not mechanized agriculture. The occurrence of similar, if not worse droughts in the Great Plains in past centuries which predate mechanized agriculture only further supports the idea that the 1930s drought was natural, and by extension, the heatwaves, too.
Regardless, even if you remove the 1930s from the dataset, the occurrence of extremely hot days in the U.S. and the number of heatwaves have still declined since the 1890s.
🔗https://t.co/DSJXxVVKZa
As for other regions of the globe, there aren't enough data points to reliably reconstruct the same dataset globally back to the 1890s. That's why U.S. data are important, despite the U.S. being a small fraction of global land area. It's because the U.S. has the best climate data record in the world, and the rest is just a guessing game. Throw a dart.](https://pbs.twimg.com/media/HW4uo3wXAAA3lEg.png)
![ChrisMartzWX's tweet photo. Ah yes, the typical “Dust Bowl” dismissal.
Climate alarmists love to ignore the “Dust Bowl.” And that's because they don't actually understand what it was. They just talk out of their ass, which is what you are doing here.
The term “Dust Bowl” does not refer to the decade-long drought that spanned North America during the 1930s. It also does not refer to the record-shattering heatwaves that impacted the U.S. and Canada in the 1930s, particularly in the spring and summer of 1930, 1933, 1934, 1936, and autumn of 1939.
Rather, the “Dust Bowl” refers to a [relatively] small geographical area that was affected by the most severe dust storms during the 1930s. Specifically, the areas affected were the Texas and Oklahoma panhandles, southwestern Kansas, and southeastern Colorado (Lee & Gill, 2015, see the first image).
🔗https://t.co/rvtoIPSFry
While farming practices (specifically, the plowing of deep-rooted perennial prairie grasses and replacing them with shallow-rooted annual crops like wheat) likely contributed to the incidence of dust storms, the drought and heatwaves were naturally forced, mainly by anomalous tropical Pacific and North Atlantic sea surface temperatures (i.e., La Niña and the +AMO). Only ~30% of the Great Plains land area had been plowed for farming by 1930 (Cunfer, 2005); farmers generally adapted to the Plains landscape rather than changed it. In other words, farmers did not cause the drought or extreme heat in the 1930s, and therefore, it cannot be dismissed as an anomaly.
🔗https://t.co/Vp1UewkRF0
Tree ring-based proxy reconstructions also indicate that 1930s-like droughts have occurred in the Great Plains once or twice per century, on average, for at least the last 10,000 years (Herweijer et al., 2007; Miao et al., 2007). The second image shows some of these past droughts that I identified looking through the North American Drought Atlas.
🔗https://t.co/dh1HYJXQVt
🔗https://t.co/cOQ1aZhTlA
Many of these historic Plains droughts, including two during the 19th century alone (circa 1818–25 and the 1854–65 “Civil War Drought”), exceed the 1930s in terms of both spatial extent and magnitude, and were comparable in duration (e.g., Muhs & Holliday, 1995; Burnette & Stahle, 2012). Early settlers described the region as a de-facto desert with blowing sand.
🔗https://t.co/pwxS7sVsY0
🔗https://t.co/khyWYAEUX5
In 1855, U.S. Army Lieutenant Gouverneur Kembel Warren (known as G. K. Warren), who would later become a general during the American Civil War and crowned the “Hero of Little Round Top,” described the Nebraska Sand Hills as,
🗨️ “The Sand Hills (les Buttes de Sable) present their most characteristic appearance just north of the Calamus river, spread out in every direction to the extreme verge of the horizon. The sand is nearly white, or lightish yellow, and is about three-fourths covered with coarse grass and other plants... The scenery is exceedingly solitary, silent, and desolate, and depressing to one’s spirits.”
More accounts suggest that there were similar heat extremes to the 1930s in the Great Plains during the 1820s. James (1823) recounts Stephen Long's journey through southwestern Nebraska’s Imperial and Lincoln counties in June 1820; he noted “extensive districts covered entirely with loose and fine sand” south of the South Platte River. Long also noted that,
🗨️ “The intense reflection of light and heat from the surface of naked sand... added much to the fatigue and suffering of our journey.”
🔗https://t.co/AtfgRJdACy
Army Fort data from NOAA NCEI's archive also show that many summers during the 1850s and 1860s may have been similar to those of the 1930s. I attached daily weather observations from Manhattan, Kansas from July 1860 in the third image attached below. The high temperature of 115°F recorded on July 9, 1860, is only eclipsed by 116°F measured on August 13, 1936. If you look at the handwritten paper forms for stations across the country in 1860, you'll find many of them reaching 100°F+ multiple times. Richmond, Virginia did. So did Chicago, Illinois (and it's much rarer there).
Drought conditions in the 1930s were undoubtedly amplified by positive land surface feedbacks, but those feedbacks were mostly a response to natural devegetation of the landscape from persistent rainfall deficits in the 1920s and 1930s, not mechanized agriculture. The occurrence of similar, if not worse droughts in the Great Plains in past centuries which predate mechanized agriculture only further supports the idea that the 1930s drought was natural, and by extension, the heatwaves, too.
Regardless, even if you remove the 1930s from the dataset, the occurrence of extremely hot days in the U.S. and the number of heatwaves have still declined since the 1890s.
🔗https://t.co/DSJXxVVKZa
As for other regions of the globe, there aren't enough data points to reliably reconstruct the same dataset globally back to the 1890s. That's why U.S. data are important, despite the U.S. being a small fraction of global land area. It's because the U.S. has the best climate data record in the world, and the rest is just a guessing game. Throw a dart.](https://pbs.twimg.com/media/HW4ucUZWYAAPBHd.png)
Olivia
Online
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@OnVoodoo
Guitars, Guns, & Gals - "Three Gs of Life."
Kiesel, McMillan, Benelli, Marlin, H&K, Schmidt & Bender, brunettes, reds, blondes.
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Stop trying to get me to join your brand of cult. Not interested, not even if you offered me a fortune.
I don't have a price tag.
I've never been a follower, joiner, or one who plays by society's often ridiculous fucking rules. I damn sure don't respect most authority, and I probably don't, or wouldn't, respect you. That's an earned thing. I do whatever I want, whenever I want, however I want, and I don't bother others or their property in the process.
I don't give two shits what you or anyone else thinks about me or the way I live my life, good or bad. Insults, compliments, mockery, or flattery will get you nowhere. I simply don't care, and I've never been one to seek validation or approval, not even as a kid. Never wanted it, never needed it.
My life is my own, and I ride on no bandwagon, train, or plane, even if I like the path its traveling, its destination, and the scenery around it.
I don't worship any politicians, political movements of any kind, celebrities, or any flag. I'm not into idolatry or groupthink. It's not my bag.
I have no respect for those who can't think and feel with their own minds and hearts, those who feel the need to "fit in." I find those people tragicomic, and whose sole purpose, unbeknownst to them, is the perpetuation of mediocrity and unoriginality.
I don't respect (most) folks who are afraid to stand on their own, nor do I respect those too afraid to speak their mind. Say what you mean and mean what you say. You don't need to wait for someone else to act.
My religion is none of your business, nor is yours mine. My morals, principles, code, and life philosophy are my own, and yours are yours. I'm not looking to adopt yours, and I'm not selling mine. Preaching to me is futile - using fear and guilt as methods even more so - the former is mostly alien to me and the latter I can swallow down.
I have absolutely no respect for grifters. I don't like most influencers, even those who say decent things and/or things that I like. I believe most of them to be self-righteous charlatans.
Feminazism, Manospherism - fuck 'em both. They're both ridiculous and made up of a bunch of whining pussies, cunts, and incels who think they're tough and relevant. They're neither and they know it.
I don't like "my truth" morons, those who reject objective reality, people who have preferred pronouns, or those idiots who identify as a string of shit no sane individual can understand. I don't identify as anything; I simply am.
I'm on no team other than my family's team, so don't DM me asking if I'm on this side, that side, or on the fence, and definitely don't ask me to join you in your crusade. I won't be joining, but I wish you well and all the best.
@TheAtlantic Somalia can fuck off.
Brian Monahan, the attending physician of the Capitol, is part of the deep Congress. He endorsed and gave false credibility to Pelosi’s ridiculous mask mandate on members of Congress, which I ignored and was fined for doing so.
lol
A McDonald’s cashier should be able to afford rent, groceries, and basic bills on one paycheck
That’s the entire point of having a job
If working full-time still leaves you struggling to survive, something is seriously wrong
Who to follow
Amity
@amitylee13
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Sing Sing
@JD_Sing
The only release for zombies is to aim for the head. Retweets meant to make you think.
100%.
This is basically an unspoken rule in all martial arts including wrestling, and it's why almost all " women's self defense seminars" are a waste of time.
Ah yes, the typical “Dust Bowl” dismissal.
Climate alarmists love to ignore the “Dust Bowl.” And that's because they don't actually understand what it was. They just talk out of their ass, which is what you are doing here.
The term “Dust Bowl” does not refer to the decade-long drought that spanned North America during the 1930s. It also does not refer to the record-shattering heatwaves that impacted the U.S. and Canada in the 1930s, particularly in the spring and summer of 1930, 1933, 1934, 1936, and autumn of 1939.
Rather, the “Dust Bowl” refers to a [relatively] small geographical area that was affected by the most severe dust storms during the 1930s. Specifically, the areas affected were the Texas and Oklahoma panhandles, southwestern Kansas, and southeastern Colorado (Lee & Gill, 2015, see the first image).
🔗https://t.co/rvtoIPSFry
While farming practices (specifically, the plowing of deep-rooted perennial prairie grasses and replacing them with shallow-rooted annual crops like wheat) likely contributed to the incidence of dust storms, the drought and heatwaves were naturally forced, mainly by anomalous tropical Pacific and North Atlantic sea surface temperatures (i.e., La Niña and the +AMO). Only ~30% of the Great Plains land area had been plowed for farming by 1930 (Cunfer, 2005); farmers generally adapted to the Plains landscape rather than changed it. In other words, farmers did not cause the drought or extreme heat in the 1930s, and therefore, it cannot be dismissed as an anomaly.
🔗https://t.co/Vp1UewkRF0
Tree ring-based proxy reconstructions also indicate that 1930s-like droughts have occurred in the Great Plains once or twice per century, on average, for at least the last 10,000 years (Herweijer et al., 2007; Miao et al., 2007). The second image shows some of these past droughts that I identified looking through the North American Drought Atlas.
🔗https://t.co/dh1HYJXQVt
🔗https://t.co/cOQ1aZhTlA
Many of these historic Plains droughts, including two during the 19th century alone (circa 1818–25 and the 1854–65 “Civil War Drought”), exceed the 1930s in terms of both spatial extent and magnitude, and were comparable in duration (e.g., Muhs & Holliday, 1995; Burnette & Stahle, 2012). Early settlers described the region as a de-facto desert with blowing sand.
🔗https://t.co/pwxS7sVsY0
🔗https://t.co/khyWYAEUX5
In 1855, U.S. Army Lieutenant Gouverneur Kembel Warren (known as G. K. Warren), who would later become a general during the American Civil War and crowned the “Hero of Little Round Top,” described the Nebraska Sand Hills as,
🗨️ “The Sand Hills (les Buttes de Sable) present their most characteristic appearance just north of the Calamus river, spread out in every direction to the extreme verge of the horizon. The sand is nearly white, or lightish yellow, and is about three-fourths covered with coarse grass and other plants... The scenery is exceedingly solitary, silent, and desolate, and depressing to one’s spirits.”
More accounts suggest that there were similar heat extremes to the 1930s in the Great Plains during the 1820s. James (1823) recounts Stephen Long's journey through southwestern Nebraska’s Imperial and Lincoln counties in June 1820; he noted “extensive districts covered entirely with loose and fine sand” south of the South Platte River. Long also noted that,
🗨️ “The intense reflection of light and heat from the surface of naked sand... added much to the fatigue and suffering of our journey.”
🔗https://t.co/AtfgRJdACy
Army Fort data from NOAA NCEI's archive also show that many summers during the 1850s and 1860s may have been similar to those of the 1930s. I attached daily weather observations from Manhattan, Kansas from July 1860 in the third image attached below. The high temperature of 115°F recorded on July 9, 1860, is only eclipsed by 116°F measured on August 13, 1936. If you look at the handwritten paper forms for stations across the country in 1860, you'll find many of them reaching 100°F+ multiple times. Richmond, Virginia did. So did Chicago, Illinois (and it's much rarer there).
Drought conditions in the 1930s were undoubtedly amplified by positive land surface feedbacks, but those feedbacks were mostly a response to natural devegetation of the landscape from persistent rainfall deficits in the 1920s and 1930s, not mechanized agriculture. The occurrence of similar, if not worse droughts in the Great Plains in past centuries which predate mechanized agriculture only further supports the idea that the 1930s drought was natural, and by extension, the heatwaves, too.
Regardless, even if you remove the 1930s from the dataset, the occurrence of extremely hot days in the U.S. and the number of heatwaves have still declined since the 1890s.
🔗https://t.co/DSJXxVVKZa
As for other regions of the globe, there aren't enough data points to reliably reconstruct the same dataset globally back to the 1890s. That's why U.S. data are important, despite the U.S. being a small fraction of global land area. It's because the U.S. has the best climate data record in the world, and the rest is just a guessing game. Throw a dart.
![ChrisMartzWX's tweet photo. Ah yes, the typical “Dust Bowl” dismissal.
Climate alarmists love to ignore the “Dust Bowl.” And that's because they don't actually understand what it was. They just talk out of their ass, which is what you are doing here.
The term “Dust Bowl” does not refer to the decade-long drought that spanned North America during the 1930s. It also does not refer to the record-shattering heatwaves that impacted the U.S. and Canada in the 1930s, particularly in the spring and summer of 1930, 1933, 1934, 1936, and autumn of 1939.
Rather, the “Dust Bowl” refers to a [relatively] small geographical area that was affected by the most severe dust storms during the 1930s. Specifically, the areas affected were the Texas and Oklahoma panhandles, southwestern Kansas, and southeastern Colorado (Lee & Gill, 2015, see the first image).
🔗https://t.co/rvtoIPSFry
While farming practices (specifically, the plowing of deep-rooted perennial prairie grasses and replacing them with shallow-rooted annual crops like wheat) likely contributed to the incidence of dust storms, the drought and heatwaves were naturally forced, mainly by anomalous tropical Pacific and North Atlantic sea surface temperatures (i.e., La Niña and the +AMO). Only ~30% of the Great Plains land area had been plowed for farming by 1930 (Cunfer, 2005); farmers generally adapted to the Plains landscape rather than changed it. In other words, farmers did not cause the drought or extreme heat in the 1930s, and therefore, it cannot be dismissed as an anomaly.
🔗https://t.co/Vp1UewkRF0
Tree ring-based proxy reconstructions also indicate that 1930s-like droughts have occurred in the Great Plains once or twice per century, on average, for at least the last 10,000 years (Herweijer et al., 2007; Miao et al., 2007). The second image shows some of these past droughts that I identified looking through the North American Drought Atlas.
🔗https://t.co/dh1HYJXQVt
🔗https://t.co/cOQ1aZhTlA
Many of these historic Plains droughts, including two during the 19th century alone (circa 1818–25 and the 1854–65 “Civil War Drought”), exceed the 1930s in terms of both spatial extent and magnitude, and were comparable in duration (e.g., Muhs & Holliday, 1995; Burnette & Stahle, 2012). Early settlers described the region as a de-facto desert with blowing sand.
🔗https://t.co/pwxS7sVsY0
🔗https://t.co/khyWYAEUX5
In 1855, U.S. Army Lieutenant Gouverneur Kembel Warren (known as G. K. Warren), who would later become a general during the American Civil War and crowned the “Hero of Little Round Top,” described the Nebraska Sand Hills as,
🗨️ “The Sand Hills (les Buttes de Sable) present their most characteristic appearance just north of the Calamus river, spread out in every direction to the extreme verge of the horizon. The sand is nearly white, or lightish yellow, and is about three-fourths covered with coarse grass and other plants... The scenery is exceedingly solitary, silent, and desolate, and depressing to one’s spirits.”
More accounts suggest that there were similar heat extremes to the 1930s in the Great Plains during the 1820s. James (1823) recounts Stephen Long's journey through southwestern Nebraska’s Imperial and Lincoln counties in June 1820; he noted “extensive districts covered entirely with loose and fine sand” south of the South Platte River. Long also noted that,
🗨️ “The intense reflection of light and heat from the surface of naked sand... added much to the fatigue and suffering of our journey.”
🔗https://t.co/AtfgRJdACy
Army Fort data from NOAA NCEI's archive also show that many summers during the 1850s and 1860s may have been similar to those of the 1930s. I attached daily weather observations from Manhattan, Kansas from July 1860 in the third image attached below. The high temperature of 115°F recorded on July 9, 1860, is only eclipsed by 116°F measured on August 13, 1936. If you look at the handwritten paper forms for stations across the country in 1860, you'll find many of them reaching 100°F+ multiple times. Richmond, Virginia did. So did Chicago, Illinois (and it's much rarer there).
Drought conditions in the 1930s were undoubtedly amplified by positive land surface feedbacks, but those feedbacks were mostly a response to natural devegetation of the landscape from persistent rainfall deficits in the 1920s and 1930s, not mechanized agriculture. The occurrence of similar, if not worse droughts in the Great Plains in past centuries which predate mechanized agriculture only further supports the idea that the 1930s drought was natural, and by extension, the heatwaves, too.
Regardless, even if you remove the 1930s from the dataset, the occurrence of extremely hot days in the U.S. and the number of heatwaves have still declined since the 1890s.
🔗https://t.co/DSJXxVVKZa
As for other regions of the globe, there aren't enough data points to reliably reconstruct the same dataset globally back to the 1890s. That's why U.S. data are important, despite the U.S. being a small fraction of global land area. It's because the U.S. has the best climate data record in the world, and the rest is just a guessing game. Throw a dart.](https://pbs.twimg.com/media/HW4u4QVXkAAXU1x.png)
lol
BREAKING: Jensen Huang's second alleged mistress revealed to be Kimberly Powell, Nvidia's vice president of health care.
@kelly_ques Dig into my purpleheart wood lumber and build something nice.
@JennXTex No. No need. Christmas is important to me, always has been, and I've always given well and a lot. Always will.
@Guitarbizon I never liked his music. Just not my kind of thing.
Screw international law. I mean, I'm so sure those cannibalistic gang members were following international law.
Piss off, Amnesty International. You're as useful as poppy flavored lollipops. And "international law" is laughably stupid.
The best and only way to deal with bad guys is simply to kill them. Brutally.
The Prime Minister of Haiti, Alix Didier Fils-Aimé, and the President of El Salvador, Nayib Bukele, must ensure that all operations conducted by Salvadoran forces in Haiti comply with international human rights law.
https://t.co/kbr0SQdJ2J
BREAKING: The Constitutionality Index has now scored every law in the history of the United States. 48,000 laws dating back to 1789.
So far as I'm aware, I'm the first one to ever attempt such a thing.
And we've now ranked every president based on the percentage of laws they enacted were constitutional. The results largely track the overall historical trend: As we move from the founding to the modern era, the percentage of unconstitutional legislation increases.
In fact, 1937 is the tipping point. Pre-FDR's New Deal, every president — Federalist, Whig, Republican, Democrat — scores 98 to 100%. After the New Deal, the average percentage of constitutional laws (by page) drops to 31 percent.
As a result, presidents of the last few decades find themselves at the bottom of the rankings. @JoeBiden is officially the least constitutional president, although Trump isn't far behind. Only Thomas Jefferson scored a perfect 100 percent.
I've also scored congresses, & @SpeakerJohnson's current Congress is, from the perspective of the Constitution, the worst Congress in American history. Constitutional legislation stands at 56.3 by total count, & just 4.3% by total legislative pages.
Another important finding: The largest laws in American history are, every one of them, unconstitutional.
Check it out & let me know what you think. (Links below)
Oklahoma just classified THC as Schedule 1 drug. lol Amazing.
@slayabouts I agree wholeheartedly.
Just end all welfare and the problem goes away.
Food stamp advocate SELF-DESTRUCTS as Rep. Brandon Gill presses her on why taxpayers pay for Coca-Cola.
She tries to dodge the question. Then Gill pulls out the receipts, and she sits there in stunned silence.
GILL: “Should SNAP dollars be spent on sodas?”
WITNESS: “I am happy to talk about hunger and nutrition, but not dictate what Americans should or should not eat or may have access to.”
GILL: “I’m asking if tax dollars should be used to pay for sodas.”
“Do they need sugary sodas to survive?”
WITNESS: “Some of them do…”
GILL: “You think they need Coca-Cola to survive?”
“I’m giving you the opportunity to say yes or no.”
WITNESS: “I will not answer for individuals and their… choices.”
GILL: “What does SNAP stand for?”
WITNESS: “It’s a Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program.”
GILL: “What’s nutritional about Coca-Cola?”
WITNESS: “I am not a nutritionist.”
Then Gill asks who’s paying her, and she freezes like a deer in headlights.
GILL: “Is your organization funded by organizations that make money from food stamps?”
[awkward silence]
GILL: “Do organizations who profit off of food stamps fund your organization or businesses?”
WITNESS: “I mean, in the, in the, I, I can’t comment to that.”
GILL: “Does General Mills fund your organization?”
WITNESS: “I don’t have access to that information.”
GILL: “I do. It’s right here. They do fund your organization. […] Yes, and they’re profiting off of your advocacy. Do you think that that’s a conflict of interest?”
[more silence]
GILL: “I think most people think that’s a conflict of interest. I know you don’t want to answer.”
Always follow the money.
CONTEXT: USDA’s own study found soft drinks were the #1 purchase in SNAP households, beating milk, ground beef, and everything else in the store.
McKayla Maroney sat on her bedroom floor at 19 and gave the FBI three hours of detailed testimony about Larry Nassar’s abuse.
The agent went silent, asked “Is that all?”, and buried the report in a drawer for 17 months while Nassar abused 70 more girls.
The DOJ inspector general found the FBI’s report was “materially false.” The office chief was busy negotiating a private job with the Olympic committee.
The agent was fired. The boss retired. The DOJ charged zero agents. Instead, taxpayers paid a $138.7M settlement.
Was this incompetence, or an institutional cover-up?
I don't understand what all these guys are complaining about with women never initiating sex with them. Men initiate sex with me all the time. 🤷🏻♀️ SKILL ISSUE.
Hahahahahahahahaha!!!!!!!
Usman Nurmagomedov is the definition of a bitch.. These guys all run around pretending to be hard but they all act like fucking dogs waiting to attack you when youre not looking....
Is this a muslim behavior or is he just a bitch?
Of all time? Pretty much everything with Clint Eastwood; The Last Samurai; and Stephen King's miniseries and movies.
Of yours? You have a lot of good films, but the one that gets me every time is Nowhere to Run, the last scenes where you're saying goodbye to the family, then the little boy runs after you for a hug. Everyone and their mother knew you were an awesome action star, but in my opinion, that's the first movie where you proved you were also a serious actor, and a very good one. Great movie.
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