The process of discovery involves the violation of established axioms and principles such that human inventiveness replaces derivation. Years later, retroactively applied rigor teaches the discovery in reverse, as if logical application of known fundamentals led to it. The excitement gets lost, along with the stress and celebration, and most importantly, what is forgotten is the reluctance to transition from the old ideas to the new with all the heartache caused by change. The bumpiness of this process is what I tried to capture in the book Seeking Infinity: A Desperate Hunt for New Applied Math by Paul C Daiber.
Consciousness forming as freely as virtual particles sounds bizarre, but outside the box ideas like this are needed right now because reductionist physics has been stagnating for sixty years, and more so, tying in consciousness which makes physics relevant, defies direct objective measurement. Somehow people must advance to a new higher plateau of understanding. We are stumbling right now and will soon find our way there.
@Ransom1949@PhysInHistory This observation that math is incomplete or inadequate is correct. Mathematicians have defined infinity based on comparing sets of numbers, and because that is incorrect, physics has stagnated.
The question that is asked is if quarks are truly fundamental or if there are deeper, more fundamental particles. I think that eventually people will model the universe as a time changing seven dimensional system in which our 3-d universe is a subspace in the sense that a number is a sub component of a matrix. A 7-d object has three planes of rotation, corresponding to red, green, and blue. The planes are all on the same axis, ambiguously so, and that ambiguity causes the dynamics of gluons. The rotation speed of a plane is restricted by octonion algebra to -1, -1, 2 and because of the ambiguity, a -1 can pop to a 2 to form a -3 electron, with rotation speed seen in our universe as electric charge. This model is still in development with the translation from 7-d to 3-d having features separate into what we see as particles in three flavors. I have this more fully explained in a book if you are interested.
@RWPhysics To clean this up a little, replace the first use of phi with 1 radian. And have current out of phase of voltage by the phase angle phi. In the last chart, have Q equal to “VAR” and the hypotenuse VA.
As a prediction: Within the next thousand years, humans will have the technology to transport Antarctica ice to Africa and other dry regions, and within a hundred years all glaciers will have been sold and melted. And that is how Earth floods. Not from CO2, CH4, Freon and other greenhouse gases, but directly from human greed by the wealthy people in power, and only because it became possible.
The three 3-d 3x3 rotation matrices that are illustrated with time dynamically in the illustration can be thought of as planar rotation in a geometric sense and are designed SO(3) with the S for ‘special’ in that reflection is not included. Because the rotation is planar, there is SO(2), SO(3), SO(4), SO(5), and so on. The complement of SO(3) is SU(2) which comprises three 2x2 matrices and can be thought of as algebraic not geometric and as axial rotation not planar. SU(2) uses the i of complex numbers. There can be no axis for SO(4) 5 or 6 but there can be an axis for SO(7) specific to a selected coordinate system, and with that coordinate system constraint a set of seven 2x2 matrices exists with SU(2) matrices as internal numbers and with a special multiplication scheme as the algebraic octonion representation, and it is a little different from what has been designed as SU(3) so that SU(4) can exist even though sedenion numbers are self-inconsistent. If visualization of multidimensional rotation is interesting to you, there are implications or suggestions from it that might be enlightening and one of these is given in the second half of the book The 5th Dimension: Math for Physics Outside Our Universe by Paul C Daiber.
The function represented is f(x)=sin(x)+sin(3x)/3+sin(5x)/5+… . The steepness of the vertical steps is given g(x)=df/dx=cos(x)+cos(3x)+cos(5x)+… . At x=0 the slope will be absolutely vertical under what definition of the three dots? This function is one of the investigation tools in the book Seeking Infinity: A Desperate Hunt for New Applied Math by Paul C Daiber.
If you are interested in what is behind Maxwell’s Equations, read the first half of The 5th Dimension: Math for Physics Outside Our Universe by Paul C Daiber. In the book the AST axioms are modified so that there is no actual infinity as a quantity of a set, and that permits the Dirac Equation to be Lorentz Transformed to the speed of light after which the Dirac Spinor pertains to e-m field terms, and the calculated particle properties are the energy and force density that are measured.
Voltaire: “It is difficult to free fools from the chains they revere.” In other words, it is easier to fool people than it is to convince them they are fooled. Because this is true, educating young people on how to question what they are told is very important in a free society.
I remember a story. General McClellen came to a river and ordered an abandonment of the advance, so Custer immediately rode his horse into the river and crossed it, and said it was shallow. The lesson is that sometimes we need the kid who gets bad grades and is always in trouble.
@AstronomyVibes The book Seeking Infinity: A Desperate Hunt for New Applied Math by Paul C Daiber is a story book that focuses on the problem of evolutionary versus revolutionary ideas in math and science.
@eylemboss0306 This video showing how to split a circle into seventeen equal arcs is very ingenious. The real test of genius is to adapt it to tricecting an angle.
Infinity is not the quantity of a set, not even a quantity found by comparing sets. Rather, there is no number larger than the largest number so far counted to in any specific count. This includes the count of zeros left of (before) a decimal point such that the non-existent place value digits form an infinity that cannot be the quantity of a set. For applied math, that is the infinity we need, and a Lorentz Transformation using that infinity in the Dirac Equation unites electromagnetic power and force density into an invariant whose components are what is measured.
Pauling’s role in the modeling of DNA is included in the movie The Race for the Double Helix (Life Story by BBC Horizons) starring Jeff Goldblum. It is not available digitally and the VHS’s of it are rare, but there is someone who has it available in two parts online but not digitally remastered.
Pre-Copernicus, the null hypothesis was that the physical world was parallel the spiritual world such that Earth was the center. Data from astronomers gave a new null hypothesis that states the physical universe is restricted to 3-d space with no center, perhaps substantiated by the fact that nothing outside our 3-d universe can be measured. How can we challenge that assumption of reality to expand our perspective further? There are 8 independent 3x3 matrices in the strong nuclear force, so maybe 7-d will be the next null hypothesis. Maybe. Are we open-minded enough to speculate?
My college degree, advertised on a sheet of paper called a diploma, shows I survived every challenge the university threw at me. It proves I can endure every boring, socially toxic, and politically poisonous environment an employer on a whim can immerse me in. And it appears they value it for that reason.