Everyone has done it: You build a new application with coding agents and love the toy version so much that you wind up deploying it without first evaluating trade-offs like latency, uptime, and compute costs. And we all know vibe coders who do this every day and only discover the production consequences later.
When a developer lacks the proper grounding in software engineering fundamentals, they can’t steer an agent to make the structural decisions needed for building great applications.
In this week's letter, Andrew Ng outlines why understanding the full software development stack, from data management to user interfaces, remains essential for AI engineering.
Here’s Andrew’s list of the key technical capabilities requiring a knowledgeable human’s guidance:
🏗️ Full-Stack Development: Planning out API design, session management, caching strategies, and asynchronous processing.
🗄️ Data Lifecycle Management: Picking data models and storage infrastructure to maintain consistency and clean feeds for downstream AI systems.
📐 System Architecture Design: Choosing everything from the monolith versus microservice dilemma to load balancing.
🔒 Security and Reliability: Building in smart failure-handling policies to ensure graceful degradation, unit and integration testing, and security and testing — early and often.
🚀 Production Operations: Configuring CI/CD pipelines, managing databases, and creating observability tools for understanding workloads.
Read Andrew’s full letter to explore how software fundamentals shape effective AI engineering, and how those fundamentals fit into our overall map of AI Engineering Skills: https://t.co/QE4DsmAJzy
How have software engineering fundamentals changed with agentic coding? Here is our AI Engineering Skills map for software engineering fundamentals. https://t.co/cnRLj43DLs
"If employees are given a free trip to Paris, they are happy. If you give them a free trip to Hawaii, they are happy. But if you offer them the choice between the two destinations, they are less happy, no matter what they choose." https://t.co/1j1boOOMqB
I wrote my most recent guest essay for @nytopinion because, both personally and as a researcher, I’ve learned that grit alone is not enough: successful people need support.
📰 Read the full article using this gift link: https://t.co/mHPaRt6B77
Today is a very historical moment for AI video generation
You can now generate AI video faster than you can watch it
Before it'd take let's say 2-5 minutes to generate 15 seconds of video
@fal made a post-trained Minimax H3 variant called Max which is 50x faster than the original but still maintains quality
It generates 15 seconds of video in 9 seconds!
That means you can now do new things like build a perpetual livestream with it that never ends!
One of the greatest cheat codes in life is to never get offended. Train yourself to have thick skin. Don't take things personally. Let others disagree with you. Being easily offended means you're easily manipulated. If you value peace of mind, avoid getting offended.
Someone asked what I'd do if I were 17. I'd learn how to build LLMs from scratch, and then train ones as powerful as I could with whatever hardware I could get access to.
the models have no moat (OpenAI, Anthropic, XAI)
the IDEs have no moat (Cursor, Windsurf)
the harnesses have no moat (Cognition, Factory, LangChain)
the app builders have no moat (Replit, Lovable, Bolt)
the wrappers have no moat (Harvey, Abridge, OpenEvidence)
the inference providers have no moat (Together, Fireworks, Groq)
the voice layer has no moat (Sierra, Decagon, ElevenLabs)
the data labeling companies have no moat (Scale, Surge, Mercor)
the AI infrastructure has no moat (Baseten, Modal, Railway)
the neoclouds have no moat (CoreWeave, Lambda, Crusoe)
the generative media companies have no moat (Runway, Higgsfield, Suno)
apparently nobody in AI has a moat
except the venture firm ☠️
@pvergadia@pvergadia any response? I see people working as sde in amazon for 3 years switching to other roles too like fde , architect or managers..... so . My goal to not stay as engineer would love move up in corporate ladder