🌟 Understanding Abdominal Pain 🌟
Abdominal pain is one of the most common complaints in medicine, and the cause often depends on the location of the pain. Here’s a quick breakdown 👇
🟢 Upper Right (RUQ) – Gallstones, cholecystitis, liver disease, hepatitis, or even referred pain from heart/lungs.
🔵 Upper Middle (Epigastric) – Gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, pancreatitis, gastroparesis, or pain from stomach/liver/pancreas.
🔴 Upper Left (LUQ) – Gastritis, ulcers, pancreatitis, or referred cardiac/pulmonary pain.
🟡 Middle Abdomen – Appendicitis (early), pancreatitis, small bowel obstruction, hernia, urinary stones/infection, or inflammatory bowel disease.
🟠 Lower Abdomen (RLQ & LLQ) – Appendicitis, diverticulitis, kidney stones, ovarian torsion, ectopic pregnancy, testicular torsion, bladder infection.
⚠️ Note: Location gives clues, but abdominal pain can range from mild to life-threatening emergencies 🚨. Always consult a doctor for proper evaluation.
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⭐ Why renal impairment + metformin = 🚨
• Drug is cleared 100 % by the kidneys; ↓eGFR ⇒ metformin piles up.
• High levels block mitochondrial ETC → anaerobic shift → lactic acidosis (rare but deadly).
⭐ When to hit PAUSE
• eGFR < 30 mL/min/1.73 m²
• Rapid creatinine rise, AKI, sepsis, shock
• Before & 48 h after IV contrast
⭐ Safe practice
• Use eGFR, not creatinine alone.
• Halve dose if eGFR 30-45 mL/min and reassess.
📲 Need a one-pager on metformin dosing in CKD? Chat with Ask Rezzy on the Oncourse app → https://t.co/h9fvgay77b
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