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My friend applied to 150 tech jobs in two years. No MIT. No Stanford.
Last month Anthropic offered him $750,000.
I asked him how he broke in from zero.
He sent me the exact video that got him in. A 3-hour course to build a full LLM from scratch.
A developer teaches you exactly how LLMs like ChatGPT and Claude are actually built.
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Bookmark this and read the article below.
• 00:00 - intro to building LLMs
• 17:58 - LLM tokenization
• 01:06:03 - LLM embedding vectors
• 02:46:55 - LLM transformer architecture
• 03:25:05 - GPT architecture
Damaged or Poor Physical Condition of Objects
🔹Stained
= Discolored by liquid, dirt, or marks that are hard to remove.
(Picture: coffee ring on a white countertop.)
Example:
“The white shirt is stained with coffee.”
✍️Related: a stain (noun), to stain (verb). Common with clothes, carpets, walls, or tables.
🔹Frayed
= Worn so that the threads or fibers come loose and stick out.
(Picture: rope or twine starting to unravel.)
Example: “The old rope is frayed and might break.”
✍️Often used for fabric, rope, carpets, or electrical cords.
🔹Rusted (or rusty)
= Covered with rust (the reddish-brown coating that forms on iron or steel when it gets wet and reacts with air).
(Picture: an old padlock.)
Example:
“The lock is rusted and won’t open.”
✍️Note: “Rusty” is the more common everyday form. Metal tools, bikes, cars, and outdoor equipment often rust.
🔹Cracked
= Having a line or break in the surface, but the pieces are still mostly together.
(Picture: a glass flask with a star-shaped crack.)
Example:
“Be careful; the glass is cracked.”
✍️Used for glass, pottery, screens, walls, or ice. Different from “broken” (completely in pieces) or “chipped” (small piece missing).
🔹Water damaged
= Harmed by water (warped, stained, swollen, or ruined).
(Picture: old books that look wet and warped.)
Example:
“The books were water damaged in the flood.”
✍️Common with paper, wood, electronics, and furniture. You can also say “water-damaged” (with a hyphen when used before a noun).
🔹Moldy
= Covered with mold (a fuzzy fungus that grows in damp places).
(Picture: a shoe with greenish mold.)
Example:
“The bread became moldy after a week.”
✍️Related: mold (noun/verb), mildew (similar but often lighter). Appears on food, clothes, walls, and shoes in humid conditions. Pronunciation tip: “mold-ee.”
🔹Broken
= Damaged so that it no longer works or is in pieces/separated.
(Picture: eyeglasses with a broken frame/arm.)
Example:
“My glasses are broken; I need to get them fixed.”
✍️Very general word; can apply to almost anything (toys, machines, bones, hearts in a figurative sense).
🔹Faded
= Lost its original bright color because of sunlight, washing, or age.
(Picture: a green T-shirt that has become pale.)
Example:
“The curtains are faded from the sun.”
✍️Common with clothes, photos, paint, and posters. Opposite idea: vibrant or bright.
🔹Stretched
= Pulled so that it is longer, looser, or out of its original shape.
(Picture: a leather belt that looks expanded.)
Example:
“These shoes are stretched and too big for me now.”
✍️Used for elastic, leather, fabric, or muscles. Note: “stretched out” is also common.
🔹Corroded
= Eaten away or damaged by chemical reaction (often looks crusty or powdery).
(Picture: old batteries with white/green crust.)
Example:
“The batteries are corroded and leaked.”
✍️Similar to rusted but can affect other metals or materials; common with batteries, pipes, and metal parts exposed to chemicals or moisture.
🔹Frayed edge
= The edge of fabric or material that has become loose and ragged (threads sticking out).
(Picture: a scarf or cloth with messy edges.)
Example: “The blanket has a frayed edge.”
✍️This is a more specific use of “frayed.” You can also say “the edges are frayed.”
🔹Flat: (For tires or balls)
= Having no air pressure, so it is collapsed.
(Picture: a bicycle tire with no air.)
Example:
“I have a flat tire; I need to pump it up or change it.”
✍️Also used for other things that should be inflated. Different meaning from “flat” as in a level surface or an apartment.
✍️Extra helpful notes✍️
🔸Many of these words can be used before a noun (“a stained shirt”) or after a linking verb (“The shirt is stained”).
🔸You can often make the verb form: stain → stained, fray → frayed, rust → rusted, crack → cracked, break → broken, fade → faded, stretch → stretched, corrode → corroded.
🔸Related useful words: torn (ripped), dented (pushed in), scratched (surface lines), chipped (small piece missing), worn (used a lot and looking old), damaged (general word for any harm).
🔸Context matters: “flat” for a tire is different from “flat” for soda (no bubbles) or a “flat” apartment.
🔸In conversation, people often add “a bit,” “slightly,” or “badly”: “It’s a bit frayed” or “It’s badly water damaged.”
✍️Practice tip:
Look around your home or classroom and try to describe real objects using these words.
For example:
“My notebook is water damaged,”
“The old key is rusted,”
“This towel has a frayed edge.”