Islamic Scholars and the development of Physics and Mathematics ▲
Mathematics and physics were greatly developed by ancient Islamic scholars and scientists during the Golden Age of Islam, which spanned from the 8th to the 13th century.
Al-Khwarizmi (c. 780-850): He is considered the father of algebra, a term derived from his book al-Kitab al-mukhtasar fi hisab al-jabr wa’l-muqabala (The Compendious Book on Calculation by Completion and Balancing). He also introduced the Arabic numerals and the decimal system to the Western world, and wrote influential works on astronomy, geography, and trigonometry.
Ibn al-Haytham (c. 965-1040): He is regarded as the father of modern optics, as he made significant contributions to the theory and practice of optics, vision, and light. He wrote the Kitab al-Manazir (Book of Optics), which was a landmark in the history of physics and psychology. He also studied the laws of reflection and refraction, the nature of colors, the structure of the eye, and the mechanism of vision. He also proposed the scientific method of experimentation and observation, and criticized Aristotle’s physics.
Omar Khayyam (c. 1048-1131): He was a renowned poet, mathematician, astronomer, and philosopher. He is best known for his Rubaiyat, a collection of quatrains that express his views on life, love, and fate. He also contributed to algebra, geometry, number theory, and binomial theorem. He also calculated the length of the solar year with remarkable accuracy, and devised a calendar reform that was more accurate than the Gregorian calendar.
Al-Biruni (c. 973-1048): He was a polymath who excelled in various fields of science, such as astronomy, mathematics, physics, geodesy, geography, geology, mineralogy, chemistry, pharmacology, anthropology, history, and linguistics. He wrote over 146 books on various topics, and is considered one of the greatest scholars of all time.
He measured the radius and circumference of the Earth using trigonometry, determined the specific gravity of various substances using hydrostatics, described the heliocentric model of the solar system, and studied the motion of planets and comets.
Al-Farabi (c. 872-950): He was a philosopher, logician, musician, and scientist who wrote influential works on metaphysics, ethics, political philosophy, cosmology, psychology, music theory, and logic. He synthesized the ideas of Plato and Aristotle with Islamic theology, and developed his own system of classification of sciences. He also studied sound waves and musical harmony, and invented several musical instruments.
These contributions from ancient Islamic scholars laid the groundwork for the advancement of physics and mathematics in the subsequent centuries. Their works were translated and disseminated in Europe during the Middle Ages, playing a crucial role in the Renaissance and the development of modern science and mathematics.
@IndiaHistorypic Generally smt gandhi the then p m of India is treated as dictator, here she is discussing with student leader yechuri but now A1days we are ourselves certified are more democratic so really who is dictator
@IndiaHistorypic That age.... those days .... now we cannot imagine a Prime Minister standing next to agitating students and listening to them patiently with token presence of security.....are we emerging as more democratic and less democratic or more intolerance or less?
@kamaalrkhan Kamaal bhai, aisa lagta hai Hindustan ab dhire dhire "Hindu Pakistan" ban raha hai .. jo bekar hai unko dange karne hai aur jo padhe likhe hai unko foreign Jana hai ..
@kamaalrkhan शाहरुख़ ख़ान अगर बांग्लादेश के खिलाड़ी को खरीद लेते हैं तो वे गद्दार हो जाते हैं.
प्रधानमंत्री नरेंद्र मोदी शेख़ हसीना को भारत में रखते हैं तो वो क्या हैं?
अडानी बांग्लादेश को बिजली सप्लाई करते हैं, बांग्लादेश से व्यापार करते हैं, तो क्या वे गद्दार नहीं हैं?
On Sunday, Hon’ble Aga Syed Ruhullah Mehdi, Member of Parliament from Srinagar, paid a visit to the Jamaat-e-Islami Hind Headquarters and engaged in a productive meeting with Hon'ble Syed Sadatullah Husaini, Ameer, Jamaat-e-Islami Hind, and the central leadership of JIH.
Sir please 🙏forgive me for pleading again.
But I have seen your very effective Zoom sessions during my time in Puducherry.
How you got every body to deliver and perform time bound in several national challenges. .
How everyone was inspired to meet the deadlines and the goals.
Sir your zoom meet with these five neighbouring CMs periodically, along with Chief Secretaries, with fixed schedule even just once a month, to report progress,will stop the situation to worsen.
It will give us hope because we will know it’s under your oversight. People can heave a sense of relief. You may consider an appeal even thru your munkibaat on people to understand their roles in pollution control. For all sections, all age groups.
You have been doing so so many issues. Recall one of the APL users surrendered their gas cylinder subsidy. It worked.
🙏😇 @PMOIndia
Delhi was waiting for a ‘double engine’ in this respect too,
to undo the damage done last 10 years.
Bengaluru, Karnataka | On Bihar elections Exit Polls, Congress National President Mallikarjun Kharge says, "All the exit polls are showing a lead for the NDA. They indicate that there isn’t much support for the Mahagathbandhan. Similarly, in Haryana, exit polls had shown that Congress would win, but the results turned out the opposite, and the BJP came to power. Let’s wait and watch what happens when the actual results come."
#WATCH | Patna, Bihar | On Congress MP Shashi Tharoor's recent essay, Congress MP Pramod Tiwari says, "Leadership always comes from merit. Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru was the most capable Prime Minister of this country... Indira Gandhi proved herself by sacrificing her life. Rajiv Gandhi served this country by sacrificing his life. So, if someone talks about the Gandhi family as a dynasty, then which other family in India had the sacrifice, dedication, and ability that this family possessed? Was it BJP?..."
@ani_digital@ANI What a joke as Reports from Freedom House (2023) and V-Dem Institute (2024) classify India as an “electoral autocracy”, noting suppression of minorities and erosion of secularism. Modi Govt is the cause of mental health issues among not only minorities but also Within Hindus…
رسول اللہ صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم نے فرمایا:
”تم میں سے بہتر وہ ہے جو اپنے گھر والوں کے لیے بہتر ہو اور میں اپنے گھر والوں کے لیے سب سے بہتر ہوں اور جب تم میں سے کوئی مر جائے تو اسے خیر باد کہہ دو، یعنی اس کی برائیوں کو یاد نہ کرو“
Sunan Tirmizi#3895
کتاب: فضائل و مناقب
Status: صحیح