George Livens

All the knowledge I possess everyone else can acquire, but my heart is still all my own~Johann von Goathe

[George Livens @LivensGeorge]

@skdh It's not called soccer, it's football

[George Livens @LivensGeorge]

@PhysInHistory How dare you caluculas

[George Livens @LivensGeorge]

@realWanShiTong @hrw Daeq 😂😂

[George Livens @LivensGeorge]

@elsleightholm Keep going

[George Livens @LivensGeorge]

@elsleightholm Here

[Erika  @ExploreCosmos_]

There are people who speak with absolute confidence about topics they have barely explored, as if a few articles or videos were enough to master a complex field. This phenomenon has a name in psychology: the Dunning–Kruger effect, described by researchers David Dunning and Justin Kruger. Its central idea is uncomfortable but revealing: those with low ability in a given area often lack the very skills needed to recognize their own limitations.

In their studies, they found that participants who performed worst in tasks such as logic, grammar, or even humor tended to rate themselves far above their actual level. In other words, the less they knew, the more they overestimated their competence. This is not simply arrogance, but a lack of metacognition, the ability to accurately assess what one knows and does not know. And this is the key point: to evaluate a skill properly, you largely need that same skill.

Later research has shown that this effect becomes more pronounced when the subject is particularly complex or when personal or ideological beliefs are involved. In such contexts, it is common to see individuals with very superficial knowledge in areas like medicine, climate science, or economics expressing themselves with disproportionate confidence, while those who have spent years studying the topic tend to be far more cautious, precisely because they understand the depth and uncertainties involved.

The most important aspect, however, is that this bias does not only affect “other people.” We are all susceptible to it in some domain. We may be highly competent in our professional field while having a completely distorted self-assessment in others without realizing it. Moreover, the effect also works in the opposite direction: those with greater expertise often underestimate their own knowledge, because they are fully aware of how much they still do not know.

At its core, this effect highlights a clear relationship: deep knowledge tends to be accompanied by humility, whereas ignorance, unable to perceive its own limits, often presents itself with a level of certainty that is not always justified.

[George Livens @LivensGeorge]

@PounderJane1 @khamenei_ir He's gone now, let's celebrate 🥂

[George Livens @LivensGeorge]

@SenateForeign at least I've seen us

[George Livens @LivensGeorge]

@RashaQamheyeh @michiokaku 🤔🤔

[George Livens @LivensGeorge]

@RashaQamheyeh 💯

[George Livens @LivensGeorge]

@bbcswahili Atieno yo!

[George Livens @LivensGeorge]

@Ambrosec13Chege @ikulumawasliano inabid niitafute the whole speech

[George Livens @LivensGeorge]

@godbless_lema na yametimia

[George Livens @LivensGeorge]

@Deee_luul @HassanSMohamud @SuluhuSamia thousands killed by army and police, we had no food and internet for 6 days

alot of people didn't go to vote and finally she won by 97.66 %

Tanzania my county

[George Livens @LivensGeorge]

@Deee_luul @HassanSMohamud @SuluhuSamia thousands killed by army and police, we had no food and internet for 6 days
a lot people don't go to vote and finally she won by 97.66%

[George Livens @LivensGeorge]

@BLukeshow34191 @Deee_luul @HassanSMohamud @SuluhuSamia thousands killed by army and police, we had no food and internet for 6 days
a lot of people didn't go to vote and finally she won by 97.66%

[George Livens @LivensGeorge]

@BBCWorld thousands killed by army and police, we had no food and internet for 6 days
a lot of people did not vote and finally she won by 97.66%

Tanzania my county 😤

[George Livens @LivensGeorge]

@KagutaMuseveni as a Tanzanian 😂😂😂😂😂

[George Livens @LivensGeorge]

@bvrbvra bado tunapumua aseee

[George Livens @LivensGeorge]

@forallcurious Absolutely no