In the 1980s, musician Daryl Davis set out to understand the Ku Klux Klan. So he started befriending members at Klan rallies and joined an all-white country band.
Then, he met Imperial Wizard Roger Kelly. Davis spent years building a relationship with Kelly, establishing trust and, eventually, a friendship.
They ate meals at each others' homes while Davis listened to Kelly, seeking to see how he could hate a person like Davis without even knowing him.
Eventually, Kelly started listening to Davis and left the Klan altogether, giving Davis his robes and hood. And over the past decades, Davis has now convinced over 200 former Klan members to walk away.
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For most of its history, the Kushite Empire stretched from the beginning of the Hapi (Nile) in Uganda to Aswan. The Kushites are the most influential civilization in history, having invented complex government over large territories, writing, pyramids, stone columns, the arch and the world's first university. Many of these things we attribute to Kemet, but they originated first in Kush according to Herodotus, the father of Greek history.
However, Kush's influence was not only thru Kemet, but also spread throughout most of Africa. There is not a corner of Africa that was not ventured to by the Kushites. From the rainforests BaTwa in Central Africa to the Nok of West Africa, Kush was always intertwined. The Kushites also were the most ancient organized maritime civilization having settled many cities along the coast of East Africa to Mozambique.
The Kushites also dominated Red Sea trade and the Arabian Sea. From Suakin and Adulis in Kush, they ventured to Yemen, Oman, the Indus Valley, and Tamil Nadu. In fact, the syllabic scripts of India are descended from Kushites from Adulis who brought the Ethiopic syllabic script to them.
Kushite stone ruins at Napata date to over 36,000 years ago. It is the oldest city in the world alongside Meroe. By 12,000 years ago, Kushite civilization spanned the length of the Nile, during the reign of the legendary Osiru (Ausar, Osiris) whose just deeds made him a model for the godman.
The city of Jericho which Europeans claim is the oldest city in the world at 11,000 years old, was simply a late Kushite-Kemetic outpost for gathering wood from the Levant cos Kemet lacked ample forestry. Kush would later initiate development of civilization in Sumeria and Elamite.
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A HISTORY OF SMITHING IN IGBO LAND.
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Heaps of iron slags piled up religiously in the VIllage of Lejja Nsukka now in Nigeria,was carbon dated to a time period ranging between 2000 B.C to 750 B.C Similar discoveries were made at nearby Opi and Umundu dated to 8th century B.C
These discoveries established the fact that iron smelting has been going on this region of Africa since 2000 BC which makes it the oldest evidence of Iron working in the world. At a time when much the well known civilizations in the world including Egypt were still in the bronze age and the island of Britain was still in the stone age and very much primitive.
Thus iron smithing in West Africa even predates the chronological time frame from Abraham to the time of Moses by at least 500 years.
Archeologists remarks that findings reveals that West africa went directly from the stone age to the Iron age, there was no intermidiate Chalcolithic/Bronze era.
The region around Nsukka constitues the core heart of Agbaja people. The Agbaja clan have the longest record of iron smithing in Igbo land. More so recently scholars are now of the opinion that the bronze works found at Igbo-Ukwu were the work of Udi smiths
The four most well known smithing clans amongst the Igbo are Awka, Nkwerre Opiaegbe, Ebiriba Enachioken and Item
Awka started out as a clan of distinguished hunters (elephant hunters especially). Their main deity after whom the town is named Okikanube is a god of hunting.
Smithing was introduced into Awka clan by a legendary figure Nebuzu from Agulu-Umana in modern day Ezeagu.
The Agulu section of Awka guarded their smithing secrets jealousy and were able to establish smithing colonies with their monopoly. Awka smiths transversed as far as Igala, Esan, Benin and Ukwuani.
These smithing clans formed smithing settlements all over Igbo land that grew into towns known today as Amuzu, of which are many today in Igbo land.
According to Nri tradition, when Chukwu sent Eri the sky being down to earth, every where was marshland, Awka smiths were there at the beginning, they used their bellows to dry the land for Eri.
Awka smiths forged ritual instruments for Nri priests for centuries.
The head of the smithing guild at Awka is known as Eze Uzu, he was in charge of the smith deity.
The Ebiriba clan started out as a clan of smiths, like the Awka to Nri, The Aru enjoyed their smithing services. It is a fact that any form of trade or business in Ebiriba is still referred to as ikpu uzu till date,
They Ebiriba formed a guild of smiths which was split in two Umon and Inyimoka.
Umon guild operated in the Riverine areas from Ena down to Itu and Umon island down to Calabar, While the Inyimoka operated in the hinterland particularly in the Bende Umuahia area, Ehugbo area, Ngwa and Ukwa. The head of the Umon guild is the Eze Umon while the head of Inyimoka is the Eze Inyimoka
It should be noted that Inyima amongst the River Cross Igbo is a deity of commerce and trade,
Item clan is another clan that is well known for smithing, according to their legends they left their homeland in search of mining grounds with good iron ore (akum) which brought them to their current location. They operated mostly in the middle cross River area especially Ikom and Ugep now in Cross River, Over at Aru it was Inyimavia.
The Igbo in general did not really develop an elaborate cult or religous status around smithing but in certain parts like the ika, there seems to have developed a smithing cultus enshrined in a deity known as Ozun or Uzun,
While in Etche there wan iron smithing deity known as Oji.
The Uzun guild was on par with the guild of idibies(healers and diviners), it had different levels, at the highest level was the priesthood. Uzun priests were known as Idin-uzu they were equal in rank and respect with the idibie.
Uzun symbols were an anvil or harmer
The sacred totem was dogs as it was offered dog sacrifices.
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