@rgoodlaw PA doesn't really have an AG right now. There's a party-switching benchwarmer in as a placeholder, but they're not in a position to make waves.
@LeMoustier@AdamRutherford@theAliceRoberts And worth pointing out that it's not mere "survival". There are orders of magnitude more Neanderthal gene-copies walking around today than there ever were when Neanderthals were alive. There's a non-trivial manner in which Neanderthals are currently leading their best lives!
@theAliceRoberts@LeMoustier@AdamRutherford Well put. I agree, this is a bit of positive evidence towards no Neanderthals in Africa and a new avenue of investigation into a period of human history with a weak fossil record.
@GenomeNathan@kareem_carr@lpachter If I'm reading you right, Chi-squared/Fisher's exact tests achieve what you're asking: test if each subset has a common success rate.
@Carboniferoys@owengwynne59@AdamRutherford Right. We know it wasn't exclusively one direction or the other. We're still trying to figure out what the relative contribution of makers and females was, but I don't think we're close to an answer yet.
@mclo_Bridger@apragsdale H. sapiens seems to have originated in Africa ~300kya. Fossil evidence puts early examples in Eurasia ~100-150kya. This paper identified sapiens genomes in Eurasia ~250kya.
@mathiesoniain@AdamRutherford Iain is right, and I think it's worth being explicit here that the interbreeding that gave us our Neanderthal ancestry is a different event that happened much more recently (~50kya).
@AdamRutherford We don't see Neanderthal ancestry in African populations that didn't come in with non-African modern human ancestry. Instead, we think this early anatomically modern human group left Africa and encountered Neanderthals somewhere in Eurasia.