@RyanHoliday The Unbearable Lightness of Being,
Skin in the Game,
The Tao Te Ching,
Waking Up,
What I Talk About When I Talk About Running,
Immortality
So many stoic techbros in the world now, Iโm even meeting them in my gym sauna๐ฐ
Confusing though, because they tell me how they want to change the world then they tell me about the crazy party in Lebanon they just got back from ๐ค
Incredibly, the placebo effect is (mostly) not real.
It is a result of statistical confusion. Whenever you have a group with extreme values, they tend to exhibit regression to the mean. Eg. on average, sick people tend to become more healthy over time.
Thus if you give one group medicine, and one group placebo, the placebo group will also tend to get better over time, because of regression to the mean.
People have then misinterpreted this to think that it is the placebo pill that actively does this.
If you want to demonstrate a placebo effect, you have to construct a study where there are three groups:
โข A. treatment
โข B. placebo
โข C. no treatment, no placebo
If B and C get different outcomes, that would demonstrate a placebo effect.
When this has been tried, mainly there has been no provable placebo effect. See the paper in the screenshot. (There is some evidence for an effect for pain, but this get's into a slightly different debate.)
The fact that the placebo effect is mainly not real, fortunately frees us from having to come up with convoluted explanations, as to why the placebo effect would work even when we tell the patient that it is a placebo, as in the quoted tweet.
Underrated asset: a circle of thoughtful, open-minded friends, with whom you can share ideas about any imaginable topic, without any fear of being judged and without any hidden agenda, besides maybe the pleasure that comes with expanding your own mind with other curious minds.
A cross section of a eukaryotic cell, a 3d rendering by Evan Ingersoll & Gael McGill visualising the complex molecular choreography the pathways and processes enabling life
Made using data from X-ray, nuclear magnetic resonance & cryo-electron microscopy