The last time the United States fought a war on ITS OWN SOIL was during the Aleutian Islands Campaign (June 1942–August 1943) of World War II.
#lpgcrisis#USIranCeasefire
The West poured $50 billion into fast breeder nuclear reactors and abandoned every single one. India poured $900 million and just achieved criticality on the first commercially viable one outside Russia.
The US spent $15 billion. Gave up. Japan spent $12 billion. Their Monju prototype had one sodium fire in 1995 and never recovered. The UK spent $8 billion. Germany spent $6 billion. France, Italy, all walked away. Six of the richest nations on Earth concluded this technology was too hard and too expensive to pursue.
India started building in 2004 with an initial budget of $420 million. Twenty-two years, a dozen missed deadlines, and a cost doubling later, the Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor at Kalpakkam just sustained a controlled fission chain reaction. The reactor is now alive.
The reason India never quit is a constraint most people have never thought about. India has only 1-2% of the world's uranium reserves. For a country of 1.4 billion people trying to build energy independence, that's a death sentence if you're running conventional nuclear.
But India has 25% of the world's thorium. The single largest national reserve on Earth.
The problem: you can't just burn thorium the way you burn uranium. A physicist named Homi Bhabha designed a three-stage nuclear program in the 1950s specifically to solve this. Stage 1: burn natural uranium in heavy water reactors, collect plutonium as a byproduct. Stage 2: feed that plutonium into fast breeder reactors, where it breeds MORE plutonium AND converts thorium into fissile uranium-233. Stage 3: burn thorium directly at scale.
India just entered Stage 2. Seventy years after Bhabha drew it up on paper.
The math on the thorium endgame is wild. At current energy consumption rates, India's thorium reserves could power the country for over 700 years. Most nuclear nations are playing a uranium game with maybe 80-100 years of runway. India is playing a completely different game with a 7x longer fuel supply.
The West quit because uranium stayed cheap and sodium coolant is terrifying. It catches fire on contact with air. It explodes on contact with water. Russia's BN-600 had 27 sodium leaks and 14 sodium fires between 1980 and 1997. And Russia kept going anyway because Russia doesn't quit nuclear projects. India watched all of that and kept going too.
When you have 1% of the uranium but 25% of the thorium, the engineering difficulty stops being a reason to quit. It becomes the price of admission to a 700-year energy supply that nobody else can access.
India has now attained criticality in a commercial, 500MW power producing, fast breeder nuclear reactor.
(We had experimental one before, but this is a big commercial one that can produce power.)
Criticality means reactor is running by itself without needing to keep re-igniting it. Breeder means it makes more fissile fuel than it uses.
Nobody wanted to give India such tech. Because these reactors can create nuclear fissile material. So India created the tech itself in spite of sanctions.
Only Russia has this tech (true commerical fast breeder reactor) running. US, UK, France say they have given up on this. China has one prototype based on Russian tech but it is not yet commercial.
India has refused to put its Fast Breeder Reactor program under international scrutiny. It is a big, big, no HUGE thing for India's energy independence.
But, as usual, most Indians won't know how big as we don't play up our achievements. I was recently amused seeing some posts by Gen-Z advising Indian govt to go for Thorium cycle etc in some condescending tone.
Because India has been on it quietly for sometime. And this reactor going critical now and commercial soon means it can sustain itself for infinity. This cuts India's imports of Uranium. And paves the way for Thorium based reactors as well. (Stage 3 of India's nuclear program, we just passed Stage 2 with PM's post).
Also, what PM didn't say is, this reactor can help generate some 100+kg of weapons grade Plutonium -with which India can make many warheads and expand nuclear stockpile if it wishes so.
But India will never do that, you know, as India is a very peaceful nation promoting world wide nuclear disarmament ;)
One detail from this Iran war should make every serious state sit up: credible reporting says Israeli leaders were shown an image of Khamenei’s body after it was recovered by Mossad agents - and that Israel had visibility on his fate faster than Iran could even confirm the death of it's supreme leader and shape the narrative. That’s not “tech”. That’s HUMINT + penetration.
Satellites don’t tell you who is in which room at what time. Signals don’t always survive encryption and discipline. What wins you wars and prevents surprises is human access so-urces, moles, defectors, recruited assets - the messy, thankless work of being inside the enemy’s bloodstream.
Israel has no luxury of being lazy at intelligence. It sits in a hostile neighbourhood with actors who openly want it erased. So it builds networks that aren’t “near the border.” They’re near the decision-makers. That’s what survival looks like when geography is unforgiving.
Now bring that lens to India. When you live next to Pakistan’s terror ecosystem and a Bangladesh theatre that keeps throwing up radical modules, you don’t get to be sentimental about “soft power” as a substitute for hard intelligence. You need early warning, deep penetration, counter-infiltration, and ruthless disruption - before the plot becomes a headline.
And this is exactly where the armchair moralists fail India. They love questioning operations after the fact. They hate the boring investments before the fact: intel budgets, source protection, language capability, field tradecraft, inter-agency fusion, and the political spine to back covert work without leaking it for TRPs.
Pop culture and superhit movies like Dhurandhar tells the story really well but makes it look stylish - one hero, one mission, one punchline. Real HUMINT though is the opposite: years of patience, ugly risks, zero credit, and often no medal because the best outcome is “nothing happened.”
This is not about chest-thumping. This is about statecraft. The world is moving into an age where wars are decided by who sees first, knows first, and shapes first. Israel gets that. India must get that - permanently. Under Prime Minister Narendra Modi and our intelligence apparatus, NEW INDIA definitely gets it.
Because 'terrorist harbouring neighbours' don’t send calendar invites before they strike. They send handlers, money, propaganda, and sleepers. The only answer is being inside that machinery early enough to break it.
If you want deterrence, stop thinking intelligence is an accessory. It’s the foundation.