Imagine telling someone in 1999…
The year is 2026.
The President is Donald Trump in his second non consecutive term.
The richest man in the world is PayPal cofounder Elon Musk… but not because of fintech or Paypal. Because of rockets, electric cars, AI, satellites, brain chips and something called “Boring Company”.
Apple is worth trillions but its main business isn’t computers… its selling glass rectangles everyone stares at for 9 hours a day.
People don’t watch TV. They watch teenagers explain geopolitics, finance, and relationship advice in ~60 second videos.
The biggest taxi company owns no taxis.
The biggest hotel company owns no hotels.
The most powerful media companies are social networks where everyone argues with strangers for free.
Kids are making millions filming themselves playing video games.
AI Robots write emails, code, legal memos, songs, essays, and breakup texts.
The internet is mostly bots arguing with humans who are trying to prove they aren’t bots.
You can summon a car, groceries, a doctor, a date, a private jet, or a dog walker from your phone.
People pay real money for invisible currencies, digital monkeys, AI girlfriends and pictures that disappear after 24 hours.
The richest companies in the world don’t sell oil, steel, or cars. They sell attention, compute, data, and addiction.
And somehow, after all of that everyone is still using Excel.
A founder celebrated after raising a Rs 10 Crore funding round.
He thought he became richer.
Here is what actually happened. 👇🏻
He owned 100% of his company before the round.
After raising capital, he owned 70%.
The investor wired Rs 10 crore into the company account.
Not his personal account.
That money is meant to pay salaries, marketing, office rent, and survive long enough to grow.
But now comes the dangerous part.
The startup was valued at Rs 40 crore after the round.
So everyone around him started acting like he was worth Rs 28 crore.
He upgraded his house.
Started flying business class.
Hired aggressively.
Began living like the company had already won.
But valuation is not cash.
It is just the price of the last transaction.
Now fast forward 3 years.
- The company could not raise the next round.
- Growth slowed.
- Burn stayed high.
- Investors stopped believing the story.
The company shut down.
His actual outcome?
Zero.
The Rs 28 crore net worth was never real.
The lifestyle inflation was.
Most founders confuse temporary investor confidence with permanent wealth.
That is why you see founders with huge valuations but empty bank accounts.
Fundraising is not success - liquidity is.
✅ Tell your founder friend.
Show him the math.
Then look at the next funding announcement again.
@louisxviwatches I placed an online order with you on 25th march. My order details are:ORDER #L1625695. I am still waiting for my delivery which you said would be 3-4 days thru DHL. I have emailed you earlier and whatsapped you but no response.
@louisxviwatches I placed an online order on 25 march and am still waiting for its delivery.
MY order number is: ORDER #L1625695
I have emailed you and whatsapped you earlier as well but no response.
@PseudoEconomist 20% of profit for a dodgy CSR? Not even sure this qualifies for CSR classification. At one time donations were limited to 10% of profits.
SECP should take notice of this.
this is actually insane
> be tech guy in australia
> adopt cancer riddled rescue dog, months to live
> not_going_to_give_you_up.mp4
> pay $3,000 to sequence her tumor DNA
> feed it to ChatGPT and AlphaFold
> zero background in biology
> identify mutated proteins, match them to drug targets
> design a custom mRNA cancer vaccine from scratch
> genomics professor is “gobsmacked” that some puppy lover did this on his own
> need ethics approval to administer it
> red tape takes longer than designing the vaccine
> 3 months, finally approved
> drive 10 hours to get rosie her first injection
> tumor halves
> coat gets glossy again
> dog is alive and happy
> professor: “if we can do this for a dog, why aren’t we rolling this out to humans?”
one man with a chatbot, and $3,000 just outperformed the entire pharmaceutical discovery pipeline.
we are going to cure so many diseases.
I dont think people realize how good things are going to get
When I started Investing Journey I had a purpose in mind and that was to get admission in Institute of Business Administration (IBA) for MBA in Finance because I had an engineering degree and lately I got to know about profound interest and passion for Investing.
I wanted to get my entire IBA expenses covered through returns and gains from Investments in PSX and yellow metals esp gold and no currency because currency holding was considered as hoarding.
Initial two years were struggling for me like for everyone where every decision was resulting into loss and Pakistan was going through another bust cycle after covid.
At that time, investing in div yielding stocks was only way forward that also gave much needed confidence for staying in otherwise poor performing market.
Losses at that time taught me important lessons about Market and Staying humble was one of the most important.
These same losses also taught me that Markets do not fall or rise randomly there is always a fundamental reason behind these movement and Macro economy was the number one fundamental reason.
I then tried to figure out the reasons, there wasn’t in quality information available and all it was full of noise and filled with casual languages like satta, bazaar, bhao etc.
Luckily on someones advice, I joined Twitter and there I found some sane voices like @rogueonomist , @abay_insaan_ban@AribaShahid (she was working with profit magazine probably), DMKM. All of them used to discuss about markets overall where ghosty was famous for sharing technical analysis of companies and lal chaddis about overall index and it performed exactly within that bearish chaddis at that time.
Unable to comprehend anything at first place, I got the courage to ask first question from @motasim and @ShahidMohmand79 is there any way I can learn about markets and whatever you are talking about? both these were kind enough to share Khan Academy’s link on Macro and Micro economics.
That was a breakthrough in my life and investing journey but I was able to step in on the right path.
Then the journey went on and quality was getting improved every other day. After some time, syed faraz ammar yaseen and @iamlaeeqahmad of @sarmaayapk stepped in and they made an amazing first of its kind product initially unavailable to Pakistan and that changed dynamics of psx investing completely.
My confidence on technical analysis increased after watching 100s of videos of syed faraz when he was working with pearl securities and journey got easier after sarmaayas launch.
Then came my mentor and teacher @ARNOfficiall and @theammarsid whose Investing Masterclass on fundamentals completed the investing triangle.
It was after IMFs standby agreement in 2023, that tides changed and PSX performed the way that recovered losses and became the reason for making fortunes for many. Fast forward today, I can take admission in global university of choice without any worry about expenses.
I want to thank everyone of them. Never forget your teachers and always be respectful to them.
Differences apart, but respect they have in my heart is ways beyond. There are no shortcuts in life. Hardwork is the only way forward and rest is believe in Almighty Allahs Plan.
Exchange rate is between currency pairs, which in this case is PKR and USD. The "price" of each currency is the interest rate.
The 1-yr US Treasury rate is 3.6%.
The 1-yr PK Treausry rate is 11.1%
The difference between the two is 7.61%
The annual average depreciation of PKR aain't USD is around 7.5% roughly
roughly
So assuming we reduce PKR interest rate to say 9%, from 11% -- this sends a signal that you are better off putting money in USD than PKR, as you get a 3.61% annual return + 7.5% depreciation on average. So you are better off moving funds to USD rather than keep in PKR
And when PKR interest rates reduce, you inadvertently lead to higher imports (increasing demand for USD) and accelerating depreciation of PKR -- thereby trigerring inflation.
So yea, we cant reduce interest rates at this point -- any reduction will lead to a sharp decline in PKR value
value
This is more complicated and nuanced than this -- so I have tried to keep it simple
The Oct 11 Crypto Crash — What Really Happened
TL;DR:
Roughly $60–90M of $USDe was dumped on Binance, along with $wBETH and $BNSOL, exploiting a pricing flaw that valued collateral using Binance’s own order-book data instead of external oracles.
That localized depeg triggered $500M–$1B in forced liquidations, cascaded into $19B+ globally, and earned the attackers about $192M via $1.1B in BTC/ETH shorts opened on Hyperliquid hours earlier, but minutes before Trump tariff announcement.
It wasn’t a USDe failure!! It was Binance’s design flaw, timed with macro panic (Trump’s tariffs) for cover.
What looked like chaos was actually a coordinated exploitation of Binance’s internal pricing system, amplified by a macro shock and systemic leverage.
1️⃣ The Setup
Binance’s Unified Account let traders use assets like USDe, wBETH, and BNSOL as collateral.
Instead of oracle or redemption prices, Binance valued these using its own spot market - a major vulnerability.
On Oct 6, Binance announced a fix to move to oracle-based pricing, but rollout wasn’t until Oct 14, leaving an 8-day window.
2️⃣ The Exploit
During that window, sophisticated actors manipulated Binance’s order books, dumping ~$60–90M of USDe, driving it to $0.65 on Binance only (still ~$1 elsewhere).
Because the Unified Account marked collateral to internal prices, this instantly wiped margin value and triggered $500M–$1B in forced liquidations.
Then, Trump’s 100% China tariff headline hit, magnifying panic and liquidity stress.
3️⃣ The Profit Engine
The same day, fresh wallets on Hyperliquid opened $1.1B in BTC/ETH shorts, funded by $110M USDC from Arbitrum-linked sources.
As the Binance cascade unfolded, BTC and ETH cratered, those shorts netted $192M in profit before closing out at the bottom.
Timing, precision, and funding paths all suggest coordination.
4️⃣ The Contagion
Binance liquidations dumped BTC/ETH/ALTs into thin books.
Other exchanges mirrored the collapse through cross-market bots.
Market makers hedged across venues were forced to unwind everywhere.
Result: $19B+ global liquidations, with many alts down 50–70% intraday, all triggered by <$100M of manipulated collateral.
5️⃣ Who’s at fault?
Binance: design flaw + delay in oracle rollout = root cause.
Exploiters: executed and timed the manipulation, profited via external shorts.
Ethena (USDe): not at fault - protocol stayed 1:1 collateralized, redemptions normal, peg held everywhere else.
6️⃣ Aftermath
Binance admitted “platform-related issues,” promised compensation for affected margin/futures/loan users, and rolled out minimum price floors + oracle integration.
USDe remained operational, and the incident is now a case study in how exchange-side pricing errors can trigger system-wide liquidations.
Bottom line:
A ~$90M dump on Binance and a $1.1B leveraged short elsewhere sparked a $19B bloodbath.
Not a stablecoin failure, but a masterclass in exploiting flawed collateral valuation during peak macro stress.
There is rapid de-industrialization happening, with the industrial base contracting, and not much being done to consolidate the same. 46 out of the 83 products tracked by LSM Index have seen a consistent decline in last two years. In absence of any serious industrial policy, it is only going to get much worse. The median decline in last two years is 10.9%
Demand destruction has taken hold, and that has led to contraction in output across the board. A 24-month view of all major declines is being illustrated here.