There is also a corollary:
Political movements are selected for coalition-building fitness. Since semantic ambiguity lets more groups see themselves in the same banner, movements that master it tend to outcompete movements that insist on fully specified goals.
Political coalitions are built around goals that are deliberately vague enough for different groups to interpret as their own.
This is my abbreviation of "On Populist Reason" by Laclau
Natural language semantics is fuzzy - this is what he means by 'floating signifier'. Politicians use this.
The book does not explain it very effectively but it is an important idea.
I think the argument is that infrastructure spending means central planning and that always leads to bad outcomes. So if one country does infrastructure spending and boosts exporting that pushes other countries to do that as well and every economy becomes centrally planned.
You had good arguments as to why spending on research is different from spending on real estate infrastructure. And also there is the question about how much this infrastructure spending is central planning.
Involution is driven by competition. The Chinese government are Marxists after all :) They created the environment where the Marx prediction of capitalists competing each other into the ground comes true.
But they control it. And the companies that can cut the costs will survive.
Is that bad approach?
@ElminsterD@SandyofCthulhu@robinhanson They never treated them as a true ally. And it is not really about Ukrainians - there were many Russians that were anti communist.
@gravity7 what you are saying now might have some sense - but that sentence I quoted is still meaningless for me - if something is "absent from existing researcher intuitions" - then it should be novel by definition (i.e. something that did not exist before).
@Jimmy01468100@Andr3jH 2200 would work if proper time was the time in the traveller reference point - I think the author mixed it with the external observer time frame.