“When Mark Carney said, ‘The middle powers should get together’—it’s a fantasy. They did that, it’s called Europe,” says Jamie Dimon, chairman and CEO of JPMorganChase. “The GDP of Europe has gone from 90% of America to 70%. And in our view, it will probably continue to erode over time because [of] high taxes.
🔗 Watch the full conversation: https://t.co/uDTOcHyxli
Elon Musk is trying to solve a problem with a perfect record against every living thing that has ever existed.
Extinction. Undefeated. 4.5 billion years without a single loss.
But it has only ever fought life that couldn’t leave.
Musk: “The fundamental fork in the road for human destiny is where Mars can continue to grow even if the supply ships from Earth stop coming for any reason.”
Over 99% of all species that have ever lived are gone. Every single one died on the planet where it was born.
The dinosaurs ran Earth for 165 million years. Dominance, scale, deep time. None of it mattered. One rock from the sky ended it all in an afternoon.
They didn’t lack strength. They lacked a second address.
Musk: “If we only have one planet, then that could be curtains.”
Curtains. One word for the end of every poem, every equation, every name ever spoken. All of it stored on one rock, orbiting one star, with no copy anywhere in the universe.
Engineers learned this a century ago. One server is a hobby. Two is a system. We run an entire species on one server.
Musk: “Mars can potentially come to the rescue of Earth. Or maybe Earth can come to the rescue of Mars.”
People get this exactly backwards. Mars is not an escape pod. You don’t copy something because you hate the original. You copy it because it is irreplaceable.
Earth is not being abandoned. Earth is the thing being protected.
Life has done this before. 375 million years ago, something dragged itself out of the ocean. Not fleeing the water. Refusing to stay in the only medium it had ever known.
Every forest, every bird, every human descends from that single refusal.
Mars is the second crawl.
The universe is 13.8 billion years old. As far as anyone can prove, it produced exactly one place where matter learned to look back at itself.
Lose this planet and the cosmos doesn’t lose a species. It loses its only witness.
Maybe that’s why the sky is so quiet. Maybe everyone else ran out of time before they ran out of planet.
Musk: “We can be out there among the stars, making science fiction no longer fiction.”
For 4.5 billion years, extinction was a verdict with no appeal.
We are the first species that can answer back.
Curtains or the stars. For the first time in the history of life, it’s a choice.
🚨: The most important sky events of this decade is occurring on July 17th. 🌌 ✨
Six planets will align and put on a show of our lifetime. Mercury, Venus, Jupiter and Saturn will be visible to the naked eye from almost anywhere.
Uranus and Neptune will be visible to naked eye if seen from dark places.
MARK YOUR CALENDERS; July 17th. 📅✨
Naval Ravikant reveals how to productize yourself to escape the rat race:
"No one is going to beat you at being you. Find what feels like play to you but looks like work to others"
"It looks like work to them, but to you it feels like play. You're going to outcompete them because you're doing it effortlessly"
"You're doing it for fun. They're doing it for work. To you it's art. It's beauty. It's joy. It's flow"
"The more you do things that are natural to you, the less competition you have. You escape competition through authenticity, by being your own self"
"If I had to summarize how to be successful in life in two words, I would just say productize yourself"
Naval Ravikant: "You're going to die. It's all going to zero. What's there to stress about?"
"Stress is when your mind has two conflicting desires at once. You want to be liked, but you want to do something selfish. You don't want to go to work, but you want to make money. You have two conflicting desires, and that's stress."
Naval explains the difference between stress and anxiety:
"Anxiety is this pervasive, unidentifiable stress where you're stressed out all the time and you're not even sure why. The reason is you have so many unresolved problems that have piled up in your life, you can no longer identify what the problems are. There's this mountain of garbage in your mind. A little bit is poking out the top like an iceberg; that's anxiety. But underneath, there's a lot of unresolved things."
He shares his personal anxiety resolver:
"One big anxiety resolver for me is just ruminating on death. You're going to die. It's all going to zero. You cannot take anything with you. If you can keep that idea in front of you at all times, what's there to stress about?"
Naval reframes what "wasted time" really means:
"What is wasted time? Everything is wasted time in a sense because nothing matters in the ultimate. But in each moment, it's the only thing that matters. So if you're doing something you want to do and you're fully there for it it's not wasted time. If your mind is running away, wishing you were somewhere else, anticipating the future, regretting the past, that's wasted time. That's time you're not present for."
He concludes:
"People get worried about dying and no longer being here. But they don't realize that so much of their life is spent not being here in any case."
A Chicago philosopher wrote one book in 1940 proving that 95% of the books you have read in your life, you didn't actually read, and Charlie Munger has been telling people to read it for 50 years.
His name was Mortimer Adler.
He spent 40 years at the University of Chicago, ran the editorial board of the Encyclopædia Britannica, and built his entire career on one uncomfortable observation about the people around him.
Most adults who called themselves well-read had not actually read a book in the real sense even once. They had run their eyes over the pages, registered the words, formed a vague impression, and put it back on the shelf.
The book had passed through them without ever entering them.
In 1940 he wrote How to Read a Book. It has stayed in print for 86 years.
Charlie Munger recommends it. Naval Ravikant recommends it. Fareed Zakaria recommends it.
Every serious thinker who builds a career on absorbing information eventually finds their way to this book, and the reason is that Adler had isolated something nobody else was naming clearly.
There are four levels of reading. Almost everyone is stuck on the second one. The fourth level is so different from what most people call reading that you have probably never done it in your entire life.
Level one is elementary.
You learn it as a child. You decode the letters into words and the words into sentences. You finish the sentence and understand roughly what it said. This is reading the way a 7-year-old reads, and almost every adult on earth has stopped developing past this point in some quiet way.
Level two is inspectional.
This is skimming. You move through a book quickly to figure out what it is broadly about. You read the back cover, scan the table of contents, glance at a few paragraphs, and form an opinion. Most adults who claim to have read 50 books a year are actually doing this. They are inspecting books, not reading them. They walk away with a vague sense of the argument and almost none of the evidence that supports it.
Level three is analytical.
This is the level Adler said most people have never properly experienced. You take one book and you wrestle with it for as long as it takes. You identify the question the author is trying to answer. You map their argument from front to back. You write your disagreements in the margins. You force yourself to articulate, in your own words, what the author is claiming and why. The point is not to finish the book. The point is to argue with it as if the author were sitting across the table from you. Most people never do this once in their life, because it is exhausting and slow and feels nothing like the reading they were taught as children.
Level four is the one almost nobody knows exists. Adler called it syntopical reading. The word means "across topics," and the technique is something closer to running a small private research lab in your own head.
You pick a single question that actually matters to you. How does power corrupt people. Why do civilizations collapse. What makes a marriage last. How does a person change their own mind. Then you assemble five or ten or twenty books from different authors, different centuries, different traditions, all of them taking a swing at the same question.
You do not read any of them cover to cover. You move between them. You find the chapter in book three that addresses the same question as the chapter in book seven. You force those two authors to argue with each other inside your own head.
The book stops being the unit of reading. The question becomes the unit. And the authors become voices in a conversation you are now hosting.
This is the level where reading stops being consumption and starts being construction.
You are no longer absorbing what someone else thinks. You are building a position of your own out of the friction between people who disagreed.
Adler argued that this is the only level of reading where you stop being a passive receiver of other people's ideas and start being someone who can produce ideas of their own.
The reason Charlie Munger has been recommending this book for 50 years is that this is exactly how Munger has always thought. He calls it building a latticework of mental models. The technique he is describing is just syntopical reading applied for a lifetime.
You take the strongest insight from psychology, the strongest insight from biology, the strongest insight from economics, and you stack them against the same problem until something new falls out the bottom.
The reason most people never reach level four is not that it is intellectually difficult. It is that it is logistically uncomfortable. It requires you to keep multiple books open at once.
It requires you to take notes that nobody is going to grade. It requires you to abandon the goal of finishing books and replace it with the goal of answering questions.
This is also why AI just changed everything Adler was teaching.
NotebookLM, Claude, and tools like them let you do syntopical reading at a speed that would have looked like magic to a Chicago philosopher in 1940.
You upload 10 books on the same question. You ask the AI to surface every place those authors agree and every place they contradict each other.
The technique Adler said almost nobody on earth had reached can now be run on a Sunday afternoon by anyone with a laptop and one good question.
The technique was always the unlock. The bottleneck used to be time. The bottleneck is now curiosity.
Most people will keep reading the way they always have. A book at a time. Eyes over the pages. No question driving it. No other authors in the room. Adler called that level two for a reason.
You are not behind on your reading list.
You are behind on the level you are reading at.
Elon Musk said saving for retirement becomes pointless in 10 to 20 years. Not speculation. Math.
Musk: “Don’t worry about squirreling money away for retirement in like ten or 20 years. It won’t matter.”
We passed the event horizon. Retirement savings assumes scarcity persists. It won’t. AI and robotics collapse labor costs to zero. Living costs follow. You’re not saving for security. You’re saving for a world that stops existing.
Musk: “If any of the things that we’ve said are true, saving for retirement will be irrelevant.”
Elon Musk described the one lie every dying civilization tells itself.
Musk: “People are mistaken when they think that technology just automatically improves. It does not automatically improve. It only improves if a lot of people work very hard to make it better.”
It doesn’t plateau. It doesn’t stall.
Musk: “And actually it will, I think, by itself degrade.”
Degrade.
The universe does not trend toward progress. It trends toward disorder. Every advancement in history has been a temporary act of defiance against a reality that defaults to dust.
In 1969 we put a human on the Moon.
By 2011 the United States couldn’t put a single human in orbit.
Musk: “The trend is like, down to nothing.”
That is not a funding gap. That is not a political failure.
That is a civilizational confession.
We didn’t lose the technology. We lost the will to maintain it.
The Romans engineered aqueducts that moved fresh water across an empire. After Rome fell, Europeans drank from rivers for a thousand years.
The knowledge survived. The will to use it didn’t.
Progress is not a ratchet. It does not lock into place once you reach it.
It is a rope being dragged uphill. And the moment you stop pulling, it slides back down without making a sound.
Every generation inherits what the last one built and assumes it’s permanent.
Every collapsed civilization believed the exact same thing.
Musk saw this while the rest of the world was still coasting on momentum it mistook for direction.
That’s why SpaceX exists. Not for spectacle. Not for prestige.
Because the window closes.
Musk: “Being a spacefaring civilization is definitely not inevitable.”
The cruelest paradox in human history. The more successful a civilization becomes, the more its people assume success is the natural state of things.
That assumption is the first stage of collapse.
The peak and the decline are indistinguishable from the inside. No one feels it turn.
Forward is not a direction the universe owes you.
It is a direction that costs everything. And it disappears the moment you take it for granted.
The most dangerous sentence in human history was never a declaration of war.
It was “someone else will figure it out.”
That is how civilizations talk about the future right before they stop having one.
Nvidia CEO Jensen Huang: "There's a belief that the world's GDP is limited at $100 tn. What's likely to happen is AI is going to cause that $100 tn to become $200 tn, $300 tn, $500 tn. There's no fundamental limit to the size of the GDP."
Andrej Karpathy explaining neural nets in 59 seconds is still the bar. Loss, backprop, gradient descent.
Go watch Neural Networks: Zero to Hero on YouTube.