Carl Verna

[Physics In History @PhysInHistory]

In 1928, the famously taciturn Paul Dirac was trying to write a version of the Schrödinger equation that respected special relativity. The equation he produced, now just called the Dirac equation, did something unsettling: for every solution with positive energy describing a normal electron, there existed a corresponding solution with negative energy.

In classical physics you'd just throw away the negative-energy solutions as unphysical. But quantum mechanics doesn't let you, particles would inevitably cascade down into them, releasing infinite energy. So Dirac made an audacious move. He proposed that the vacuum is actually an infinite sea of negative-energy electrons, completely filled, so that by the Pauli exclusion principle no other electron can fall in. Knock one out, and you leave behind a "hole" — which, viewed from the outside, looks like a particle with positive charge and the same mass as an electron.

This was the first prediction of antimatter, derived from nothing but the demand that the equations be consistent. Initially Dirac thought this hole was the proton, but Hermann Weyl pointed out that it would have to have the same mass as the electron. The existence of this particle, the positron, was confirmed experimentally in 1932 by Carl D. Anderson.

The mind-blowing part: a young man writing down what he considered the most beautiful equation he could think of was effectively told by the mathematics, "You forgot to mention that half the universe exists." And then it turned out to be true.

📷 Niels Bohr Archive, courtesy AIP Emilio Segrè Visual Archives

[Lukas Kafka @Kafka7invest]

$SNAP new clip of @evanspiegel on The Tiger Sisters Podcast

On Specs: Evan says that with all the technical advancements they solved their product will be very hard to replicate. This gives them a MOAT in hardware and with their software @Spectacles are vertically integrated.

[Carl Verna @CarlVerna75199]

LEVEL up with this beautifully articulated information bomb‼️

[Carl Verna @CarlVerna75199]

We only have ONE language processor, “SHUT YOUR LAPTOP PLEASE!”

[Carl Verna @CarlVerna75199]

MAJOR KEY‼️🔑

[Carl Verna @CarlVerna75199]

@venturetwins We call them VERTICALS…

[Carl Verna @CarlVerna75199]

And the best goes on…‼️🎬🎥🎞️🔥

[Carl Verna @CarlVerna75199]

Yes.

[Grok @grok]

Grok Imagine now has dramatically improved lip sync and sharper audio quality on all image-to-video generations.

Dialogue tracks the mouth. Sound matches the scene. Your videos look and sound the way you imagined them.

Try it today in the Grok apGrok Imagine now has dramatically improved lip sync and sharper audio quality on all image-to-video generations.

Dialogue tracks the mouth. Sound matches the scene. Your videos look and sound the way you imagined them.

Try it today in the Grok apGrok Imagine now has dramatically improved lip sync and sharper audio quality on all image-to-video generations.

Dialogue tracks the mouth. Sound matches the scene. Your videos look and sound the way you imagined them.

Try it today in the Grok apGrok Imagine now has dramatically improved lip sync and sharper audio quality on all image-to-video generations.

Dialogue tracks the mouth. Sound matches the scene. Your videos look and sound the way you imagined them.

Try it today in the Grok apGrok Imagine now has dramatically improved lip sync and sharper audio quality on all image-to-video generations.

Dialogue tracks the mouth. Sound matches the scene. Your videos look and sound the way you imagined them.

Try it today in the Grok app

[Brandon @LibOrNormal]

If they invite this guy to the NBA Dunk Contest next year it will shatter the ratings!!

[The Launch Pad @TheLaunchPadX]

🚨 BREAKING - NASA ANNOUNCES NUCLEAR MARS MISSION IN 2028
NASA has revealed plans to launch the first nuclear-powered interplanetary spacecraft to Mars before the end of 2028; a major leap in deep space capability.

The mission, Space Reactor-1 (SR-1) Freedom, will:
⚡ Demonstrate advanced nuclear electric propulsion
🚀 Become the first nuclear-powered spacecraft to Mars
🛰 Enable efficient mass transport far beyond what chemical or solar systems allow

Nuclear propulsion is key for:
➡️ Faster, more efficient deep space travel
➡️ High-power missions beyond Jupiter
➡️ Reducing reliance on solar arrays in deep space

Upon arrival at Mars, SR-1 Freedom will deploy the “Skyfall” payload:
🚁 Multiple Ingenuity-class helicopters
🛰 Expanded aerial exploration of the Martian surface

In partnership with the U.S. Department of Energy, NASA says this unlocks the path toward:
🌕 Sustained lunar operations
🔴 Crewed Mars missions
🌌 Exploration of the outer solar system

This is one of the most ambitious propulsion advancements in decades.

[Alterverse Studio @Alterverse_AI]

Developed from scratch in just 4 weeks, on a budget of roughly $1,000 in credits, I took a 124 year old horror story that's already been adapted into 20+ films and reimagined it entirely using a single Al platform: @invideoOfficial

Based on W.W. Jacobs' 1902 horror story, The Monkey Paw is a cautionary tale about a cursed artefact that grants three wishes, but with terrible consequences.

I reworked the tale to become part of a larger Lovecraftian mythos I've been creating for over 20 years, set in the fictional town of Brightburn, Massachusetts.

I set out to achieve three goals:
1. Stay as faithful as possible to the original story
2. Deliver a strong emotional arc through believable AI performances
3. Push the medium as much as possible to emulate a real film breaking the AI illusion

You can be the judge of what worked and what didn’t.

[Rohan Paul @rohanpaul_ai]

"Every writer in Hollywood is already using AI to help them write dialogue"

Instead of shooting 10–20 takes for dailies, they shoot ~3 takes and have AI generate the other ~17, with results that look indistinguishable.

Ben Horowitz, co-founder a16z

[Nathan Diaz @NateDiaz209]

Let’s not act like I didn’t start a whole division bringing value to all these guys claiming they’re it. I gave opportunity and put notice on the dopest fights I got unfinished business and I plan on going and taking what’s mine asap 1st to ever start a division and the dopest one at that
Your welcome motherfuckers I’ll see you soon I’m coming👊🏼

[Carl Verna @CarlVerna75199]

@thebeaconsignal @SpaceX @Starlink Oh I get it, baffle them with bullshit‼️🤩

[Johnny B. Good @Cat5SMASHICANE]

You can come and play, but everything is not A okay. 🫣🔥

[Erika  @ExploreCosmos_]

An Einstein ring is the most symmetric and visually striking expression of strong gravitational lensing. It appears when a very distant object (the source), a massive foreground object (the lens), and the observer are aligned almost perfectly along the same line of sight.

The lens is typically a massive galaxy or a galaxy cluster. Because mass curves spacetime, light from the background source does not travel in a straight line as defined by Euclidean geometry: its trajectory is deflected as it passes through the curved spacetime around the lens. When the alignment is close enough and the projected mass distribution of the lens is relatively smooth and close to axisymmetric, the light from a single distant object can be stretched and effectively “smeared” into a near-circle around the foreground lens. That circle is what we call an Einstein ring.

A key point is that the ring is not a physical structure surrounding the lens. There is no material ring sitting in space. What we observe is an image configuration on the sky: the same background source is being mapped into multiple apparent directions, so that its light is redistributed into a circular pattern around the lens. In practice, the ring often looks non-uniform because the background source is extended and structured, the alignment is not perfectly exact, and the lens itself is not perfectly symmetric.

Most real Einstein rings are not perfectly continuous circles. They often appear as one or several bright arcs, sometimes nearly closing into a complete loop but leaving gaps or brightness variations. This is because small offsets from perfect alignment break the symmetry, and because the lensing mass distribution is often elliptical rather than round. Nearby galaxies, groups, or large-scale structure can also add an external gravitational “shear” that distorts the ring and concentrates the brightest regions into discrete arc segments.

Under slightly different conditions, instead of a full ring you may see multiple separate images: for example, two main images on opposite sides of the lens, or four images arranged around it in a cross-like pattern. A complete Einstein ring is essentially the special limit where the geometry and symmetry cooperate unusually well.

Einstein rings are scientifically valuable because they encode the lens’s gravitational field in a particularly clean way. The angular size of the ring is set by two fundamental ingredients: the mass of the lens and the geometry of the system, meaning the relative distances to the lens and the source.

The characteristic angular scale of strong lensing in any given system is called the Einstein radius, and it acts as the natural “ruler” that defines where ring-like structures and the strongest tangential stretching occur. For galaxy-scale lenses, Einstein radii are typically around an arcsecond, which is resolvable with telescopes like Hubble and JWST.

For cluster-scale lenses, the Einstein radius can be tens of arcseconds, producing spectacular giant arcs and, in the best cases, near-complete rings on much larger angular scales.

A practical observational detail is that we do not rely only on morphology to confirm an Einstein ring, because some galaxies can look circular or ring-like for purely intrinsic reasons. Instead, they often verify the lensing interpretation using spectroscopy: the ring light shows a different redshift than the central foreground galaxy, confirming that the ring belongs to a more distant background source whose light is being lensed.

Einstein rings are also powerful because gravitational lensing does not create photons, it redistributes them on the sky. A useful physical way to state this is that lensing preserves surface brightness: it does not make a patch of an object intrinsically brighter per unit area, but it can stretch the image into a larger apparent area, increasing the total flux we collect from it and making the source easier to detect.

1/3

[Quanta Magazine @QuantaMagazine]

One hundred years ago, a 23-year-old postdoc named Werner Heisenberg completed a calculation that would become the heart of quantum mechanics, a radical yet stunningly accurate theory of the atomic and subatomic world. https://t.co/HKlGPhQru2

[Vala Afshar @ValaAfshar]

This is one of the most extraordinary things you will see, by Marula Eugster Rigolo

[GREG ISENBERG @gregisenberg]

in an AI world, your ability to clearly describe what you want is about to become the most valuable skill on the planet