HiDav

Fintech

[𝚡𝚒𝚗𝚣𝚑𝚒 @xinzhi]

还能这么玩，充电宝刷了 OpenWRT 系统，再插入大疆这个 4G dongle，就是个 4G CPE 了。可以直接上外网那种。

里面还是 eSIM 实体卡，OpenWRT 还支持装 VoHive 管理 eSIM，不过充电宝空间不多了，就不勉强了吧。

准备再刷个 Intel 电脑棒，榨干它。

[𝙃𝘼𝙕𝙀𝙉𝙇𝙀𝙀 @hazenlee]

我踏马服了！

[小牛 @Xiaoniu6161]

塔利班宣布恢复奴隶制：2026年阿富汗重回中世纪

[大漂亮| C Labs @giantcutie666]

新的美联储主席沃什放了个大招，学习东大搞了五个小组替换原来的架构：

1. 沟通组，管怎么说话

2. 资产负债表组，研究怎么把印钱买的美债资产继续瘦下去，让美联储回归"只管利率"的传统角色

3. 数据组，美联储现在看的是非农、CPI这些官方数据，这些数据又慢又假

沃什想引入更多实时数据，比如刷卡消费、招聘网站数据等

4. 生产力与就业组，类似发改委😅，证明AI正在让美国经济能"又快又不通胀"地增长，是新质生产力

5.通胀框架组——重新审视通胀到底是什么驱动的、2%目标怎么实现

最有意思的是人事安排：

这五个组，现任理事和地区联储行长一个都不让参加，可以认为是借"改革"之名完成权力集中😁

[美股混学家 @bitpanda88]

7月所有影响存储行情的事件都在这里了:

7/2 $SKUU $SKDD 美股两倍做多和两倍做空海力士上市。相比07709提供了更低的费率，后期可能追踪美股海力士adr价格。

7/7-8 三星Q2初步业绩（仅公布营收 + 营业利润两个数字），直接影响存储板块情绪，如果三星营收和利润都超预期，将再次确认存储需求（其实没啥好怀疑的），海力士也会同步受益。

7/10 台积电6月营收报告，台积电作为AI/HPC芯片主要代工厂，营收数据可以间接观察存储需求强弱。

7/10 海力士美股上市，提升海力士估值天花板，重点关注开盘溢价程度，高溢价会带动存储板块整体上涨。

7/14-15 海力士ADR缴款、新股生效。新股发行会导致约2.5%股权稀释，重点关注上市后股价能否维持或扩大溢价。

7/16 台积电Q2财报，提供更详细的AI/HPC需求指引，直接验证存储需求的可持续性。

7/23 三星Q2正式财报，重点关注HBM相关营收、出货量或指引，以及HBM4E样品时间表是否提前。

7/29 海力士Q2财报，作为hbm龙头，这是7月最关键的一场大考，海力士业绩直接决定市场对当前HBM供需和盈利能力的判断，是存储行情的“终极风向标”。重点关注HBM出货/ASP/毛利 + 全年指引。

说实话，财报这一块我觉得都没啥问题，乐观点可以说全是利好，参考美光就可以。但实际影响还得结合当时宏观环境，只要别工作日开战，乱传鬼故事啥的，大概率这个月会不断突破新高！

[Steve Hou @stevehou]

👀

[美研芒格君 @Kay2289123]

这篇文章跑断了双腿，用尽人脉，走访了十余家硅谷一线做光模块、互联、存储的公司，和一线 Manger, RD 深入交流，陆陆续续写了 4 周。相信是你在别的地方看不到的

我不仅聊，也跟着真金白银地下注。口说无凭，截图奉上。

请注意，大家不要盲目跟单，评论区冒充我的都是骗子。我在WhatsApp 也不会分享任何策略。

存储大家最近肯定都有关注。东西贵了总会回落，偏偏这一次，没那么简单

我拆解了AI 疯狂消耗存储底层的三把结构性短缺锁。有人认为，只要 AI 投资不掉头，这场紧张会一路拖过 2028 年。我同意

既然贵又缺，那就想办法少用它——开始挖一条条绕开这笔税的路。这，才是这篇文章真正想带你看的东西。

内存墙是一个词，其实是两个毛病

第一个毛病是装不下（容量）：KV 缓存、模型权重，HBM 里塞不下
第二个毛病是搬不快（带宽）：数据从内存搬到 GPU 的速度跟不上

「省内存容量」和「互联传得快」解药，也是新瓶颈，熟悉我的《三层逻辑》的读者都知道，这是新玩家、机会

文章深度拆解了三条路线
📷第一条路，用便宜的料，去顶替贵内存 HBF: 「容量大得多、但慢一些」: SNDK, SK 海力士

📷第二条路·砍掉数据搬运
>「近内存计算」AI 推理的核心运算是矩阵乘法，做进内存芯片里— SK，三星等
> 光 HBM: 光模块搬存储：MU, MRVL等
> 3D 堆叠

📷第三条路：软件智能管理
>冷热数据分层：猜得准
>共享内存（CXL协议）：三星、SK、MRVL，ALAB

小众方式：SRAM

我的观点 三条路不是竞争，是分工。说到底，我在观察的是一件什么样的事：当一种东西又贵、又缺、还降不回来，一整套「绕开它」的技术生态，会怎样整体地长出来，这是凭空冒出来的新曲线、新资金

我在硅谷一线大厂，每天从事 AI 推理训 ,把行业掰开揉碎讲给你听。欢迎回看，节选⬇️
06-24《要看懂万亿光互联，Credo很关键》
06-02 《迈威尔+50%, 不看懂怎么能安心？深入解读原》
05-26《美光...下个产业机会流向》-> amat, kla
05-28 《40小时呕心沥血！MRVL光模块+AI推理布局解析》
05-21 《深度拆解ALAB互联27年布局, 这次别踏空!》
05-10 《耗时一周调研，带你彻底读懂 MRVL底层逻辑》
05-03 《压箱底的 AI 主线 下一“瓶颈”标的》
04-29 《MXL》
04-28 《MRVL进入关键时期》
04-27 《Marvell 取消 POET 是必然+5 层光模块解析》

[HiDav @HiKurt9]

LOL

[Muhammad Zuhair @mzuhair123]

Much better EMIB-T visualization. Will tell you a lot about how $INTC advanced packaging works.

If you read my report on EMIB, and then refer to the visualizer, you could yourself figure out the opportunity for Intel right now.

Link: https://t.co/kKuOi1fyh1

[ₕₐₘₚₜₒₙ @hamptonism]

Watching this full 18-minute interview with Palantir CEO, Alex Karp is enough to teach you more about Ai than any institution would ever teach you:

[shoshin @zen_tropy]

$nbis, $meta, $crwv, $orcl Mstanley out tonight w/ clarifying comments re: bb report. Tldr: If meta does sell compute, it will be as a bare-metal offering of spare internal 1P capacity (not 3rd party-leased) to serve as an "eps bridge" while they develop their core products.

What's key is ms doesn't believe meta can or wants to compete as a full-service stack, since their models are limited & they don't have the expertise, software, or salespeople to service specialized, high-touch enterprise inference markets (precisely the markets $nbis, for instance, seeks to serve). MS suggests meta is not contractually-allowed to resell any of their 3P leased raw silicon from nbis, crwv, orcl, etc., Believes they will save their cutting-edge contracted capacity (e.g., the nebius 12B Vera Rubin order), for internal use.

Net/net: If meta does enter the compute market it will be as a stopgap, and in the bare-metal, older chip market. A minor supply addition, at best; least threatening, arguably, to nebius of all the neo's; and all this only assuming a backdrop where the compute supply were to materially loosen.

[Herman Jin @ShanghaoJin]

我最近一直提：

模型效果= 模型 + 应用 + 算力

很多“单细胞生物”觉得，模型是一剂万能药，统治世界，替代一切产业与人，可以赚无数钱；因为模型需要算力，每年要花万亿投入半导体

他们想的可能没错，但“单向思维”必须得先被打破

打破过程中，“估值”而非盈利，会大幅波动

[3X Long Labubu @labubu_trader]

KOSPI is in a choppy uptrend as well and just hit the lower boundary of the uprising channel. Lots of the weakness recently is due to the fund flow(the negative narrative is not the root cause):
1. Chinese fund selling to buy CXMT IPO
2. Other foreign funds selling to buy SK Hynix ADR in US
3. KR’s pension funds keeps selling to rebalance.
This is an important channel to defend. Let's wait and see.

[Herman Jin @ShanghaoJin]

敬畏市场

哪怕他们在瞎传、夸大Meta影响，still tells you sth

至少让你了解市场对Capex ROI预期改变的弹性有多差

[云中月 @MoonAtCloud]

炒美股第一课：分清Income和Gain

很多中国人炒美国股票，踩到的第一个误区往往不是看错K线，而是：以为账户里多出来的钱，都叫“股市赚钱”。

在中文的惯性思维里，大家最熟悉的是“低买高卖”。100美元买入，120美元卖出，净赚20美元，这叫赚钱。

至于股票和基金的分红，很多人把它当成意外之喜，来了就收下，没来就算了。

但在美国的金融和税务逻辑里，你首先得抠字眼，分清两个核心词：Income 和 Gain。

Income（收入）：通常指债券、股票或基金资产在你持有期间产生的现金流。比如债券利息、股票分红、ETF分配。它的核心特点是：你“没有”卖掉资产，但资产主动给你“吐出”了一笔钱。

Gain（利得）：特指 Capital Gain（资本利得）。它来自资产价格上涨，并且在你卖出之后才真正实现。你先买入一只股票或ETF，后来卖掉，卖价高于成本的“买卖差额”，才是资本利得。

所以，美国人看证券账户，不只是关心“赚了多少”，而是会追问：这是收入还是利得？

如果你看美国本土的税务分类，会发现不同的管道对应着完全不同的税表：

1）如果是利息，落在 1099-INT税表 里。
2）如果是股息、基金分配、资本返还，落在 1099-DIV 税表里。
3）如果是你主动卖股票、卖ETF产生的盈亏，则落在 1099-B 税表里。

更绕人的是，1099-DIV（股息表）里还可能出现一种叫 Capital Gain Distribution（资本利得分配）的东西。它看起来在股息表里，本质却是基金内部卖出证券后，把赚到的价差分配给了你。

这就是美股投资的基本认知：不是所有来自股票账户的钱，都是同一种“赚钱”。

为了不当糊涂投资者，这6个英文说法的底层逻辑你必须焊死在脑子里：

1. Interest（利息）：借钱给别人（如银行或财政部）拿到的固定回报。

2. Dividend（股息/红利）：公司把赚到的利润分给股东。

3. Qualified Dividend（合格股息）：满足持股时间等条件后，可以享受更低优惠税率的股息。

4. Return of Capital（资本返还）：这不是赚钱！这是公司把你当年投入的本金又退了一部分给你，会降低你的持股成本基数。

5. Capital Gain（资本利得）：资产低买高卖，在“卖出”那一刻变现的价差。

6. Capital Gain Distribution（资本利得分配）：基金（共同基金或部分ETF）帮你调仓时实现的利得，顺手分给了你。

有人会问：我是中国公民，又不按美国人的方式报税，分这么细干嘛？

答案是：因为这直接决定了你能不能揣进兜里完整的利润。

作为非美国居民，券商通常会寄给你 1042-S 表格。

美国税法规定：外国投资者的 Capital Gain（资本利得）通常是免税的，而 Dividend（股息）却要雷打不动地预扣税（中国大陆居民一般按中美税收协定优惠税率扣 10%）。

如果你分不清 Income 和 Gain，就会把完全不同性质、甚至税务命运完全相反的钱混在一起。你看券商报表、ETF分配时就会一头雾水，甚至连自己被扣了什么税、扣得对不对都不知道。

炒美股，第一课是先分清：今天进账的这笔钱，到底是持有的 Income，还是落袋的 Gain。

[Jim Liu @jiahanjimliu]

(1) https://t.co/f6ib91lCia
(2) https://t.co/LEvvA0hvve
(3) https://t.co/hHZ3geVedc
(4) https://t.co/DgMaMULal4
(5) https://t.co/ff9EOpSxCr
(6) https://t.co/QaBxq5yuNF
(7) https://t.co/fohAq3mmtM
(8) https://t.co/qHH51BjrLj
(9) https://t.co/JUCVn6YKB3
(10) https://t.co/pxvbvdxAG8
(11) https://t.co/K6V3h2GwlN
(12) https://t.co/dCoRotqguF
(13) https://t.co/6AxUBcDuSk
(14) https://t.co/5dX91bgyvC
(15) https://t.co/xdZVujYtgR
(16) https://t.co/bijJvVDpu3
(17) https://t.co/RZuJVbfILv
(18) https://t.co/DgMaMULal4
(19) https://t.co/w1xIliU6lO
(20) https://t.co/bOlu52cFzh
(21) https://t.co/2W2ppwXtIJ
(22) https://t.co/SD17wfP78r
(23) https://t.co/dgWRXjKDgm
(24) https://t.co/oEud98fd6T
(25) https://t.co/afudNtWdeI
(26) https://t.co/2m465xoBwC
(27) https://t.co/CuuCE8J4uX
(28) https://t.co/AmDzTqikiE
(29) https://t.co/DMf0rnIrp9
(30) https://t.co/Aw1oUDATlj
(31) https://t.co/YP9de4JTha
(32) https://t.co/JV6WrVboLe
(33) https://t.co/QTnDk4pfEH
(34) https://t.co/Rt59eRKLNu
(35) https://t.co/XQWZz7XhPT
(36) https://t.co/GPYYQWPwnu
(37) https://t.co/rer3y0m9Fp
(38) https://t.co/rer3y0m9Fp

[Ivan @Yarless_]

They don't need permits to build substation, so they will build it and get grid power: https://t.co/OOwCZ9rHci "Birmingham city officials concluded that Nebius did not need the city’s approval to build a switching station and a substation to distribute power to a 300-megawatt data center at the Oxmoor Corporate Park, dubbed BHM01. Neither meets the city’s definition of a “utility substation,” according to City Attorney Nicole King."

[Jim Liu @jiahanjimliu]

$NBIS: Multiple people have asked me recently about buying $NBIS at $200+. They have, obviously, read the multiple bull cases, but from me, they are looking to get an alternative point of view for balance. I'll layout the risks in a public post for transparency.

In all fairness, if you are reading this for the first time and want the bull case, these accounts have done a great job laying out the $NBIS bull case:
1. @daniel_koss
2. @itsalasdairmann
3. @MB_Hogan
4. @babyfolio
5. @EndicottInvests

I don't own any $NBIS but some $IREN whales do own a fair amount of $NBIS and have done well with $IREN in 2025 and $NBIS in 2026.

There's no doubt that in H1 2026, $NBIS has had the best stock performance among publicly traded Neoclouds, with concrete deliverables in 399m Q1 revenue on 82% QoQ growth (1) and 40% downpayment from MSFT (2). At 11-15m/MW-yr, 399m quarterly revenue equates to 106MW-145MW of build out depending on blend GPUs and IaaS-PaaS-SaaS. This buildout is still early and not bottlenecked by power. However, hot stock performance for one time frame doesn't determine the whole trajectory; an example is $SMCI vs $DELL and $HPE. What will de-risk $NBIS for me is completion of their Vineland, NJ datacenter in 2026 or early 2027.

I will go over two main topics: Power and Software.

1. Power
Nebius has more than 4GWs of secured power with a strategy of diversifying between colocation and self-owned over many sites to manage risk. Nebius refers to secure and contracted power as either PPA from the energy producer or interconnection agreement (IA) which is final approval needed for grid buildout. Nebius' BTM sites like Vineland, NJ do not need IA and also bypass the grid buildout time.

Not all Nebius sites are equal so I'll go through starting from the ones that are the best in terms of time to power without delays.

Mäntsälä
Nebius's Mäntsälä site is 75MW of active power (11). This datacenter from Nebius's Yandex days is grid connected, greenfield, and self-owned (11). The Finland datacenter boast a PUE of 1.13 (11) comparable with IREN's Prince George datacenter at 1.1 PUE (12), both taking advantage of the climate.

Iceland
10MW of colocation lock and loaded (26).

Kansas City, Missouri
5GW of Colocation from Patmos lock and loaded, potential expansion to 40MW (29).

Israel
Israel my favorite $NBIS site in terms of guaranteed path to power with no delays. Nebius signed a datacenter lease for 80MW in Modi'in in the Masmiyya and Beit Shemesh districts with expansion to 286MW (23). Some of the clusters will be used for Israel's national super computer (24) and Beit Shemesh is an important military district, previously target of Iran's military strikes but now de-risked as the Iran Wwar has ended (25).

Independence
Of Nebius's large sites in North America, I like the potential of Independence the best. It cleverly uses reopening an old power plant built in 1958 and closed in 2020 near by to provide power. The natural gas-fueled Blue Valley Power Plant is very close by Nebius' designated site so grid buildout requires less high voltage components.

This is similar to Elon's colossus site which uses a mix of reopened power plant and importing gas turbines from deconstruction power plants from abroad (22).

UK
Ark Data Centres colocation, 16MW agreed with expansion plans to 52MW (30).

Vineland
Nebius current active buildout is a Colcoation site in Vineland, NJ with "Nebius, becoming a DataOne tenant for the next 10 years" (7). From Nebius' 20-F at the end of 2024 (9) and F-3 mid 2025 (10), "The New Jersey site is a phased development scalable up to 300 MW, with initial capacity expected to be available in the second half of 2025." However, we are entering into the second half of 2026 and Vineland has just switched out their power supply from Bergen cruiseship engines with Skylea carbon capture (13) to $BE fuel cells (14).

Nebius is paying 2.6B for 328MW of $BE Fuel Cells as a Service for 10 years with 250MW of guaranteed capacity and 78MW of installed system capacity (14). Like all BTM power sources, redundancy factor is needed which is the 78MW and only 250MW goes to the GPU and Aux Loads. This is 10.4m/MW for 10 years or 1.04m/MW-yr and doesn't even include the natural gas (17). To put in perspective, the entire datacenter cost buildout 15m/MW for 20 years with 3-4m retorfit cost if a site has grid connected power.

There is a concern whether or not Nebius will get the $BE fuel cells this year as they are sold out for 2026 (16). This is not a concern and the fuel cells themselves will be delivered this year because Oracle encountered a delay for their NM site and $BE is rerouting the fuel cells from Oracle to Nebius (15).

As stated in the 6-K, Nebius may provide "alternative capacity" (31) for it's Microsoft contract while Vineland is under construction. This will work for several tranches but will not work forever as Vineland is 3.48B ARR and almost half of $NBIS 7-9B 2026 ARR guidance.

Lappeenranta
Nebius has labled Lappeenranta, Finland as a 310MW greenfield site. Lappeenaranta is a greenfield site belonging to Polarnode and Nebius is renting it as Colocation (18). @TheUglyBuckling has full details on this site: https://t.co/nt73cfjvUY

Bethune, France
@InvestNorthwise does a good job of covering this one here: https://t.co/UAedUzMXM4.

Birmingham, Alabama
300MW of brownfield development that got permitted right before the city passed it's datacenter moratorium. This site has broken ground and has a decent chance to completion as a BTM site despite lawsuit from two homeowners who are within 1000ft of the datacenter (27).

The major blocker from Birmingham succeeding as a grid connected site is that the permit to build a substation and switching station was denied and final (28). The workaround to this is obviously just like Vineland $BE fuel cells. This is why I see Vineland, NJ as a pivotal site for Nebius as alot of their sites' contingency plan is $BE fuel cells so Vineland is the litmus test for their ability to execute on $BE fuel cell BTM sites.

Pennsylvania
Nebius most recent site announcement is their 1.2GW Pennsylvania site which they revealed to Analyst is Pennsylvania is grid connected (3). By end of 2027, Pennsylvania will have 250MW-350MW with each year adding 300MW (5). From cross referencing total capacity, power ramp, and acreage of site, Nebius's Pennsylvania site is most likely Lower Mount Bethel Technology Center” in Northampton County (6). If so, Nebius has secured the power purchase agreement and still needs to get the interconnection agreement which can be delayed based on time to build transmission, substations, and grid. Regulations and local anti-datacenter activism is dealt with in parallel to optimize time to power.

Good news is PJM is reforming it's interconnection queue to be first-come first-serve (19). Bad news is despite that, PJM is one of the most congested buildouts from a supply chain perspective and "PJM Interconnection data – but the biggest delays are no longer occurring within the interconnection queue" (20).

"The bottleneck has shifted downstream. Transmission buildouts, substation capacity, and strained supply chains are now the primary obstacles to energizing projects. According to PJM, projects spent an average of more than three years reaching an interconnection service agreement, and another four years waiting to come online after approval" (20).

2. Software
A large part of Nebius market cap is attributed software. Although Nebius is way ahead of IREN in software, I believe market is rewarding Nebius by using Databricks as a valuation comparison but this is misconstrued.

The similarities the market sees is that both companies have a full inference stack with Databrick provides LLM inference through API by the token through Databricks Mosaic (32, 33) and with Databricks currently at 6.9B ARR (34) and Nebius targetting a 7B-9B ARR by EOY. The big mistake here is that NBIS revenue is for SaaS plus infrastructure while Databricks is SaaS without infrastructure.

Databricks does not need to own GPUs, power contracts, or data centers to recognize their revenue. Databrick's 74% gross margin (34) is even better than Anthropic's 80% gross margins because Databricks doesn't have to pay for model training like Nebius because it uses Open Source Model. At the same time it's compute cost is like Anthropic's: accounted for in the gross margins and not subtract off afterwards as depreciation.

Of course Databricks does more than Managed Inference for Open Source and has Lakehouse as well. Databricks is also one step ahead with Managed Agentic Agents (36).

Competitors
There are way more Neoclouds than finX is aware of because many successful companies stay private nowadays longer and the field of AI Platforms is still young. Notable competitors are hyperscalers, Cerebras, FireworksAI, SambaNova, FireworksAI, TogetherAI, Baseten, Modal, Databricks, Coreweave and weaker competitors like Cloudflare, Novita, DeepInfra, Parasail, Scaleway, Lambda, Mistral, Cohere, AI21 Labs, OctoAI.

Every Neocloud likes to cherry-pick benchmarks for best inference speeds that make them look the best but we should select open source (OS) model first and then look at results. The models we select are:
1. GLM-5.2 Max - the most powerful OS model today.
2. DeepSeek V4 Pro - the most deployed in production usage near-frontier OS model model today.
3. gpt-oss-120b - the OS model with most benchmark submissions

The results are pictured in the same order as I listed them above and Nebius is below average.
https://t.co/TrbDvJruao
https://t.co/tDkyc6nGPq
https://t.co/CPeujKNpTP

Granted Nebius acquired EigenAI and Clarifai which look good on certain 1 dimensional benchmarks. These startups are optimizing latency benchmarks for buyouts and not real economics. For startups not serving large number of customers, they can juice their benchmark numbers by reducing batch size, over provisioning GPUs, keep KV cache longer in HBM, increase decoding budget, tune for latency over GPU utilization.

Moving Fast
Fireworks came out the other day with Managed Model Tuning of Open Source Models called Fireworks RFT (38). Basically for those familiar with Nebius lingo, it's Token Factory but Model Factory.

I expect Nebius to follow suit in 6-12 months. But by that time, other AI Platforms Databricks, Coreweave will have already released through developer documentation instead of marketing fanfare.

Obviously then there are obvious risks of OpenAI and Anthropic dominating and SpaceX DCs which might be cost competitive with $BE fuel cell sites.

[3X Long Labubu @labubu_trader]

just another boring up day.
So regret that I bought the same size of memory vs memory semicap names....should be 1:2 or 1:3
The thesis of semicap was already well explained in
https://t.co/PoHZ2NdJAm
and https://t.co/LOc6Z4kMI3 on June 11.

[Serenity @aleabitoreddit]

Just some of the more interesting news I came across recently:

1. MS: Revised China humanoid shipments to reach 50,000 in 2026 from 14,000u and 28,000u earlier this year.

2. MS: Probe cards and test sockets likely to be priced hike (precious metal hikes + severe shortage of test pin capacity)

3. Capacitor price hikes: MLCC, aluminum electrolytic, tantalum, polymer aluminum, film, and super capacitors from Yageo.

4. $META Vistara architecture: Older DDR4 Memory with CXL as memory expansion

5. OpenAI achieved inference optimization breakthrough that halves costs and reduces GPU requirements.

6. LTAs are being signed with MLCC after Samsung signed LTA with US big tech customer

7. Grid power bottlenecks triggered 5x increase ($25B) in Brookfield's financing for $BE fuel cells.

8. Taiwan's chip packaging and testing supply chain includes major OSAT providers such as $ASX, Powertech, Winstek Semiconductor, Chipbond, ChipMOS, and ShunSin.

Dedicated testing companies include KYEC, Ardentec, and Sigurd Microelectronics, while testing interface suppliers include WinWay, MPI, Keystone Microtech, Chunghwa Precision, and Hermes Testing Solutions.

Leadframe makers include Jih Lin Tech, SDI, and CWTC, while major IC substrate suppliers include Unimicron, Kinsus, Nan Ya PCB, and Zhen Ding Tech. (Digitimes)

- Taiwan-based OSAT providers are raising prices
- Memory and IC packaging and testing capacity have both become bottlenecks in the semiconductor supply chain