“Be satisfied with even the smallest progress," Marcus Aurelius said.
You’re never going to be perfect—there is no such thing. You’re human. So instead, aim for progress, even the smallest amount.
LK-99 Endgame: What Happens Next & Market Size
If LK-99 is a room-temperature ambient-pressure superconductor, there are three distinct possibilities depending on its eventual engineering properties.
Here is a straightforward explanation of each scenario and estimated total market sizes in ARR:
The two limits on superconductor performance are:
- How much current it can carry
- How much magnetic field it can withstand
If either of these limits are exceeded, superconductors stop working. The scenarios are high/low field and high/low current, but you can't really get high-field without high-current, so only three scenarios
Scenario 1: Low-field, low-current ~$1.5 trn:
LK-99 saturates at relatively low fields, like 0.3T, and relatively low current densities, of ~1 amp / mm^2. It works in delicate electronics, small packages, at high efficiencies, with extremely high sensitivity.
It revolutionizes the following industries:
- Telecom hardware $650 bn; Cellphones $450 bn; Electronic Sensors $200bn; Satellites $70bn; GPUs $40bn; CPUs $20bn; Antennas $20bn.
Scenario 2: Low-field, high-current ~ $2 trn:
LK-99 can carry large current densities, on the order of >1000 amps / mm^2, but can't stand strong magnetic fields. It gains relevance in power transmission, switches, relays, and larger electrical equipment.
It revolutionizes the following industries:
Power transmission $320 bn; Wires + cables $200bn; Switches & Relays ~$ 25 bn and many others.
Scenario 3: High-field, high-current ~ $4.5 trn:
LK-99 can operate in high fields of several Tesla and high currents of >1000 amps / mm^2. It revolutionizes fundamental industries by replacing motors, generators, transportation equipment, and unlocks new energy sources like fusion.
It revolutionizes the following industries:
Power generation $1.8 trn; Electric Motors $300 bn; Rail freight $250 bn; Energy Storage $200 bn
~~~~
Some important considerations:
- "The totals don't add up" - If something works at high field, it works at low-field, and same for current. Therefore Scenario 1 is the base-case and adds to the bottom line of both other scenarios; it places the least engineering requirements on the material. All numbers for total market sizes are estimates found online in popular market reports for ~2022.
- To incorporate this material into micro-electronics means re-thinking the extremely-mature CMOS 300mm silicon wafer fabrication process, a process that would take a decade if not more to get right.
- A final consideration is the mechanical strain the material can withstand, which also affects the current and field tolerances of existing superconductors. Bulk deformations of the crystal lattice can disrupt superconducting properties - this issue has over-time been improved upon in modern high-temperature superconductors but is still present, and may limit applications in the long-run.
- Our current generation of YCBO-based high-temperature superconductors started out as low-field, low-current, highly strain-sensitive, and over 30+ years of engineering development, these now carry >1000 amps/mm^2 in fields as high as 10T (although these numbers trade off against each other). What this means is, with time, engineering, patience, and concerted effort, if TK-99 is a superconductor then Scenario #3 is highly likely within 10-20 years.
~~~~
Conservative estimate:
Current conservative estimates by an MIT professor put the probability of LK-99 being "it" at 5%.
Assuming a long-term achievement of Scenario 3, this gives an expectation value of a $225 billion annual market.
~~~~
Caveat: LK-99 is not yet confirmed to be a superconductor but has several suggestive corroborations from other experimentalists and simulations. I am reserving judgement until results are confirmed by a Department of Energy National Lab in the USA or a similarly regarded institution.
We teach sorting in algorithms classes because it is a simple and easy to motivate EXAMPLE of different algorithms for accomplishing the same task. The solution isn't the point in the classroom. The problem is the point...
📱Capture anything, anywhere, super-fast
In a fast-paced world, capturing ideas and data on the fly is crucial.
Today we are launching Tana Capture, your ultimate companion to help you never lose a thought.
3 weeks ago, I (finally) got into @tana_inc
Exactly 1 month after becoming a Master in Computer Science (focused on AI + NLP).
Trust me when I say this:
• Tana is State-of-the-art.
• It's like NOTHING you've seen before.
How Tana works + why it's overpowered:🧵
😢 R.I.P.
Fred Brooks was the author of "The Mythical Man Month" a book that was hugely influential on so many of us. Also his paper "No Silver Bullet" would be on most people's shortlist of most influential papers.
Sad to learn of the passing of Richard Cook @ri_cook. Richard's talk, and article, "How Complex Systems Fail" is an absolute classic in the field. Absolutely worth your time: https://t.co/JHXzzNuntR
👀 Sneak a peek at the deepest & sharpest infrared image of the early universe ever taken — all in a day’s work for the Webb telescope. (Literally, capturing it took less than a day!) This is Webb’s first image released as we begin to #UnfoldTheUniverse: https://t.co/tlougFWg8B
"People are deeply nourished by the process of creating wholeness" - Christopher Alexander
Thanks to Alexander's efforts, we have a detailed pattern to follow, learn from, and continue to build upon (and with).
R.I.P.
The #IPCC released its latest #ClimateReport today, #ClimateChange 2022: Impacts, Adaptation & Vulnerability
“The scientific evidence is unequivocal: #climatechange is a threat to human wellbeing & the health of the planet,” – @poertner_hans
➡️ https://t.co/sz89t4EKHj
🎥 ⬇️
.@NorthwesternEng researchers have developed a new smart sensor platform for face masks—"FaceBit."
The lightweight, quarter-sized device can sense real-time respiration rate, heart rate and mask wear time: https://t.co/cfSugIp4Sr
#NASAWebb is fully deployed! 🎉
With the successful deployment & latching of our last mirror wing, that's:
50 major deployments, complete.
178 pins, released.
20+ years of work, realized.
Next to #UnfoldTheUniverse: traveling out to our orbital destination of Lagrange point 2!